* 1957 – The Constitution of Malaysia comes into force.

The Constitution of Malaysia is codified and the system of government is based on the Westminster system.

The hierarchy of authority in Malaysia, in accordance to the Federal Constitution, has stipulated the three branches ( administrative components ) of the Malaysian government as consisting of the, Executive, Judiciary and Legislative branch.

According to the Federal Constitution of Malaysia, the YDPA is considered as the Supreme Head of the Federation ( Article 32 ).

Federal Constitution of Malaysia.

To question these rights and privileges however is strictly prohibited under the Internal Security Act, legalised by the 10th Article ( IV ) of the Constitution of Malaysia.

A present-day example can be found in the Dewan Negara ( Senate ) of Malaysia, which has a standing order prohibiting any member from proposing the repeal of those articles of the Malaysian Constitution that reserve certain privileges for Bumiputra ( ethnic Malay ) citizens.

It recognized the " special position " of the Malays provided in the Federal Constitution of Malaysia, in particular Article 153.

#*" If one of the parents is Muslim Malay / Orang Asli as stated in Article 160 ( 2 ) Federal Constitution of Malaysia ; thus the child is considered as a Bumiputra "

#*" If one of the parents is a Muslim Malay or indigenous native of Sabah as stated in Article 160A ( 6 )( a ) Federal Constitution of Malaysia ; thus his child is considered as a Bumiputra "

#*" If both of the parent are indigenous natives of Sarawak as stated in Article 160A ( 6 )( b ) Federal Constitution of Malaysia ; thus their child is considered as a Bumiputra "

Under Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia a Malay is defined as being:

* Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia

* Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia

Malay is the national language in Malaysia by Article 152 of the Constitution of Malaysia, and became the sole official language in West Malaysia in 1968, and in East Malaysia gradually from 1974.

** Datuk Seri Lau Pak Khuan 劉伯群 / 刘伯群 ( 1894-1971 ; Zengcheng, Guangdong ; born in China ; Hakka pronunciation: Liew Pak Khiun ), Founding member of Malaysian Chinese Association ; First Chinese to be conferred the " Datuk Seri " title by a Malaysian Sultan ; Led the unsuccessful bid for Chinese equal citizenship rights and official language status during drafting of Malaysia Constitution

* The 1993 amendments to the Constitution of Malaysia ( by some interpretations a constitutional crisis ) involved the limitation of monarchs ' power in Malaysia.

In accordance with Article 41 of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia, the King is Commander-in-Chief of the Federation's Armed Forces.

Since, Malaysia is a federation of 13 states, the division of powers between two level of governments ( Central government and State government ) are the most important feature in Federal Constitution.

There is a supreme Constitution in Malaysia with a federal-state division of legislative and financial powers.

Everything thus turns upon the status and meaning of clause 2 in the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900, which provides: " The provisions of this Act referring to the Queen shall extend to Her Majesty's heirs and successors in the sovereignty of the United Kingdom.

Virginia Code section 1-200 establishes the continued existence and vitality of common law principles and provides that " The common law of England, insofar as it is not repugnant to the principles of the Bill of Rights and Constitution of this Commonwealth, shall continue in full force within the same, and be the rule of decision, except as altered by the General Assembly.

For example, the New York Constitution of 1777 provides that:

With the Constitution Act, 1982, amendments to the constitution must be done in accordance with Part V of the Constitution Act, 1982, which provides for five different amending formulae.

The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides:

Article 2 of the Constitution of Japan, promulgated in 1947 by influence of the U. S. occupation administration and still in force, provides that " The Imperial Throne shall be dynastic and succeeded to in accordance with the Imperial Household Law passed by the Diet.

Guatemala's 1985 Constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.

The Constitution provides that a " Governor-General appointed by the Queen shall be Her Majesty's representative in the Commonwealth.

The 1987 Constitution of Honduras provides for a fairly strong executive in some ways, but many powers conceded to the executive elsewhere, are designated duties of the unicameral National Congress.

In accordance with Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong has Special Administrative Region status, which provides constitutional guarantees for implementing the policy of " one country, two systems ".

:: Example 3 ( semi-presidential republic ): Chapter 4, article 84 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation provides:

Article 104, paragraph 1 of the German Constitution provides that deprivations of liberty may be imposed only on the basis of a specific enabling statute that also must include procedural rules.

In particular, a constitutional obligation to grant remedies for improper detention is required by article 19, paragraph 4 of the Constitution which provides as follows: " Should any person ’ s right be violated by public authority, he may have recourse to the courts.

The Australian Constitution provides that: " 80.

In accordance with Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Macau has Special Administrative Region status, which provides constitutional guarantees for implementing the policy of " one country, two systems " and the constitutional basis for enacting the Basic Law of the Macau Special Administrative Region.

According to the U. S. Department of State, " The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary ; however, the executive branch has exerted undue influence on the judiciary.

The Moroccan Constitution provides for a monarchy with a Parliament and an independent judiciary.

One prominent example of this is found in the United States Constitution, which provides that the President may be impeached and subsequently and removed from office if found guilty by Congress for " high crimes and misdemeanors ".

Article 58. 1 of the April 18, 1999, Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation ( official, French version ) provides that " Switzerland has an army.

The 1954 PRC Constitution provides that the State Chairman ( President ) directs the armed forces and made the State Chairman the chair of the Defense Commission ( the Defense Commission is an advisory body, it does not lead the armed forces ).

** Lack of voting representation in either House of the U. S. Congress, as the US Constitution provides these rights only to full states.

** The ineligibility of Puerto Rico residents to vote in presidential elections as the U. S. Constitution provides these rights only to states and the District of Columbia.

The Constitution of Ireland provides for a parliamentary system of government, under which the role of the head of state is largely a ceremonial one.

Article I, section 2 of the Constitution states that the House " shall have the sole power of Impeachment ", and Article I, section 3 provides that the " Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments.