# The nuclear envelope becomes discontinuous and the DNA inside it is fragmented in a process referred to as karyorrhexis.

# DNA wraps around histone proteins forming nucleosomes ; the " beads on a string " structure ( euchromatin ).

# Higher-level DNA packaging of the 30 nm fibre into the metaphase chromosome ( during mitosis and meiosis ).

# Simple and concise definition: Chromatin is DNA plus the proteins ( and RNA ) that package DNA within the cell nucleus.

# A biochemists ’ operational definition: Chromatin is the DNA / protein / RNA complex extracted from eukaryotic lysed interphase nuclei.

# A eukaryotic cell transcribes the DNA ( from genes ) into RNA ( pre-mRNA ).

# A poly-T oligonucleotide primer is hybridized onto the poly-A tail of the mature mRNA template, or random hexamer primers can be added which contain every possible 6 base single strand of DNA and can therefore hybridize anywhere on the RNA ( Reverse transcriptase requires this double-stranded segment as a primer to start its operation.

# To synthesize an additional DNA strand, you need to digest the RNA of the hybrid strand, using an enzyme like RNase H.

# After digestion of the RNA, a single stranded DNA ( ssDNA ) is left and because single stranded nucleic acids are hydrophobic, it tends to loop around itself.

# From the hairpin loop, a DNA polymerase can then use it as a primer to transcribe a complementary sequence for the ss cDNA.

# REDIRECT DNA

# REDIRECT DNA microarray

# The DNA passes through a separate sugar transport protein ( ptsG ) in the inner membrane, and immediately circularises using the cos sites, 12-base G-C rich cohesive " sticky ends ".

# Host DNA gyrase puts negative supercoils in the circular chromosome, causing A-T rich regions to unwind and drive transcription.

# The host cell, containing a dormant phage genome, experiences DNA damage due to a high stress environment, and starts to undergo the SOS response.

# RecA ( a cellular protein ) detects DNA damage and becomes activated.

# Normally RecA * binds LexA ( a transcription repressor ), activating LexA auto-protease activity, which destroys LexA repressor allowing production of DNA repair proteins.

# Cleaved cI can no longer dimerise, and loses its affinity for DNA binding.

# The phage genome is still inserted in the host genome and needs excision for DNA replication to occur.

# C-terminal involved in downregulation of DNA binding of the central domain: residues 356-393.

# Complementary DNA then binds to the U5 ( non-coding region ) and R region ( a direct repeat found at both ends of the RNA molecule ) of the viral RNA

# The primer then ‘ jumps ’ to the 3 ’ end of the viral genome and the newly synthesised DNA strands hybridizes to the complementary R region on the RNA

# The first strand of complementary DNA ( cDNA ) is extended and the majority of viral RNA is degraded by RNAse H

# H < sub > 3 </ sub > O < sup >+</ sup >( aq ) + Cl < sup >−</ sup >( aq ) + NH < sub > 3 </ sub > → Cl < sup >−</ sup >( aq ) + NH < sub > 4 </ sub >< sup >+</ sup >( aq )

# HCl ( benzene ) + NH < sub > 3 </ sub >( benzene ) → NH < sub > 4 </ sub > Cl ( s )

# HCl ( g ) + NH < sub > 3 </ sub >( g ) → NH < sub > 4 </ sub > Cl ( s )

M2 + sumweight * delta * R # Alternatively, " M2

Stephen Cohn, http :// books. google. com / books? id = wRCJwgmfhzYC & pg = PA161 & lpg = PA161 & dq = the + fall + of + absalom + rilke & source = bl & ots = E2J7SyG2cS & sig = sKxj2GkktYN_73QMiFTMtMG6fcA & hl = en & sa = X & ei =-- FaUNiGOO6B0AGt1YHACg & ved = 0CDcQ6AEwAw # v = onepage & q = the % 20fall % 20of % 20absalom % 20rilke & f = false ).

# The infected CD4 + cell may also receive the death signal from a cytotoxic T cell.

# C + C Music Factory featuring Deborah Cooper and Q-Unique – " Keep It Comin ' ( Dance Till You Can't Dance No More )"

# ( x + y )*

# d is a linear map: d ( af + bg ) =

* " More Beats + Pieces " ( 4 August 1997 ) UK # 37

Retrieved at < http :// books. google. com / books? id = NztlWQeXf2IC & printsec = frontcover & dq = zhou + enlai & hl = en & ei = wBkuTdKyB4H_8AaJucigAQ & sa = X & oi = book_result & ct = result & resnum = 2 & ved = 0CCsQ6AEwAQ # v = onepage & q & f = false > on March 12, 2011. p. 38 </ ref > More liberal estimates regarding the White Terror in China, estimate it took millions of lives, most of them in the rural areas.

# Volume A, The TeXbook ( Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1984 ), x + 483pp.

# Volume B, TeX: The Program ( Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1986 ), xviii + 600pp.

# Volume C, The METAFONTbook ( Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1986 ), xii + 361pp.

# Volume D, METAFONT: The Program ( Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1986 ), xviii + 566pp.

# Volume E, Computer Modern Typefaces ( Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1986 ), xvi + 588pp.

( 2 ) S → • S + M ( 0 ) # predict from ( 1 )

( 5 ) S → S • + M ( 0 ) # complete from ( 4 ) and S ( 0 )( 2 )

( 1 ) S → S + • M ( 0 ) # scan from S ( 1 )( 5 )