The " French " or " overhand " bow is similar in shape and implementation to the bow used on the other members of the orchestral string instrument family, while the " German " or " Butler " bow is typically broader and shorter, and is held in a " hand shake " position.

The German bow ( sometimes called the Butler bow ) is the older of the two designs.

Among the major first ancestries reported in Butler County were 31. 7 % American, 13. 8 % German, 11. 6 % Irish and 10. 5 % English, according to Census 2000.

John and Carl purchased 1582 acres ( 6. 4 km² ) of land on October 28, 1831, in Butler County, Pennsylvania with the intent to establish a German settlement, called Saxonburg.

The Allies recognized the open German flank at the east of the Rhone and decided to push with Taskforce Butler, as well as the 36th Division, into this open gap to cut off the German retreat at Montélimar.

Other major collections of Esperanto books are: International Esperanto Museum, Montagu C. Butler Library, Centre de documentation et d ' étude sur la langue internationale, and the German Esperanto Library.

In 1933, Butler invited Hans Luther, the German ambassador to the U. S., to speak at Columbia in defence of Hitler and the Nazis.

These fables, which, on account of their originality and simplicity, caused Fay to be regarded as the Hungarian Aesop, were translated into German by Petz ( Raab, 1825 ), and partly into English by E. D. Butler, Hungarian Poems and Fables ( London, 1877 ).

The Americans desired to hand the German troops over to the Soviets in the area, however the Germans fooled the Butler by taking him to see a HQ which the Germans placed forward of their main lines.

* Nicholas Murray Butler, President of Columbia University, for building the exchange program between American and German professors, and winner of the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize

The bow is held underhand ( palm up ), similar to a German double bass bow grip, but away from the frog towards the balance point.

Advocates of the German bow claim that it allows the player to apply more arm weight on the strings.

Proponents of the use of German bow claim that the German bow is easier to use for heavy strokes that require a lot of power.

In comparison with the French bow, the German bow has a taller frog, and it is held with the palm angled upwards, as is done for the upright members of the viol family.

The first known mention of the name ' viol d ' amore ' appeared in John Evelyn's Diary ( 20 November 1679 ): " for its swetenesse & novelty the Viol d ' Amore of 5 wyre-strings, plaid on with a bow, being but an ordinary violin, play'd on Lyra way by a German, than which I never heard a sweeter Instrument or more surprizing ..."

The Saxon Mirror ( Sachsenspiegel ), the oldest German law book ( Rechtsbuch ), probably published around 1220 / 30 at Falkenstein Castle in the Selke valley, later made the imperial restriction clear: " Whoever rides through the Harz Forest, must unstring his bow and crossbow and keep dogs on a line – only crowned royalty ( gekrönte Häupter ) are allowed to hunt here ".

According to the Merriam-Webster's dictionary, ' bagel ' derives from the transliteration of the Yiddish ' beygl ', which came from the Middle High German ' böugel ' or ring, which itself came from ' bouc ' ( ring ) in Old High German, similar to the Old English ' bēag ' ( ring ), and ' būgan ' ( to bend or bow ).

The German bow is the older of the two designs, having superseded the earlier arched bow.

Qualities of this " École " included elegance, a full tone with a sense of drawing a " long " bow with no jerks, precise left hand techniques, and bowing using the whole forearm while keeping both the wrist and upper arm quiet ( as opposed to Joseph Joachim's German school of wrist bowing and Leopold Auer's Russian concept of using the whole arm.

Believing that further resistance would only result in the futile loss of still more Danish lives, the Danish cabinet ultimately decided to bow to the German pressure " under protest ".

The German ensign was raised and a shot fired across the bow of the Lundy Island, carrying sugar from Madagascar.

Since attack serves to stimulate interest in broadcasts, I added to my opening statement a sentence in which I claimed that German youth seemed to lack the enthusiasm which is a necessary ingredient of anger, and might be classified as uninterested and bored rather than angry.

Remembering the step-by-step fate of Danzig and the West German misgivings about `` salami '' tactics, it is to be hoped that the dispatch of General Clay to West Berlin as President Kennedy's representative will mark a stiffening of response not only to future indignities and aggressions but also to some that have passed.

The truth is that Communist Russia fears the resurgence of German militarism.

The weekly loss is partly counterbalanced by 500 arrivals each week from West Germany, but the hard truth, says Crossman, is that `` The closing off of East Berlin without interference from the West and with the use only of East German, as distinct from Russian, troops was a major Communist victory, which dealt West Berlin a deadly, possibly a fatal, blow.

Khrushchev, for all his bombastic prophecies about the inevitable decay of capitalism, is genuinely favorable to `` peaceful coexistence '' and would like, above all, the Berlin and German problems to be settled peacefully ; ;

There is a fairly wide selection of models of English, German and French manufacture from which you can choose from the very small Austin 7, Citroen 2 CV, Volkswagens, Renaults to the 6-passenger Simca Beaulieu.

Public relations strategists everywhere, watching the reaction of the German press, the liberal press, the lunatic-fringe press, listening to their neighbors, studying interviews with men and women on the street, cried out: Too much, too much -- the mind of the audience is becoming dulled, the horrors are losing their effect.

This leader must be a man who lives above illusions that heretofore have shaped the foreign policy of the United States, namely that Russia will agree to a reunited Germany, that the East German government does not exist, that events in Japan in June 1960 were Communist-inspired, that the true government of China is in Formosa, that Mao was the evil influence behind Khrushchev at the Summit Conference in Paris in May 1960, and that either China or Russia wants or expects war.

German uses the tesseragraphs ( four letters ) " tsch " for the phoneme and " dsch " for, although the latter is rare.

Austrian German (), or Austrian Standard German, is the national standard variety of the German language spoken in Austria and in the autonomous Province of South Tyrol ( Italy ).

The standardized form of Austrian German for official texts and schools is defined by the Austrian Dictionary (), published under the authority of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture.

As German is a pluricentric language, Austrian German is merely one among several varieties of Standard German.

With German being a pluricentric language, Austrian dialects should not be confused with the variety of Standard German spoken by most Austrians, which is distinct from that of Germany or Switzerland.

Distinctions in vocabulary persist, for example, in culinary terms, where communication with Germans is frequently difficult, and administrative and legal language, which is due to Austria's exclusion from the development of a German nation-state in the late 19th century and its manifold particular traditions.

As a result, Standard German is replacing it in government and administrative texts.

As a technical term, the " high " in High German is a geographical reference to the group of dialects that forms " High German " ( in the broader sense ), out of which developed standard High German ( in the narrower sense ), Yiddish and Luxembourgish.

High German in this broader sense can be subdivided into Upper German ( Oberdeutsch, this includes the Austrian and Swiss German dialects ), Central German ( Mitteldeutsch, this includes Luxembourgish, which is now a standardized language ), and High Franconian which is a transitional dialect between the two.

In the 1970s, squatting in West German cities led to " a self-confident urban counterculture with its own infrastructure of newspapers, self-managed collectives and housing cooperatives, feminist groups, and so on, which was prepared to intervene in local and broader politics ".

The preface explains that the original concept of a general system theory was " Allgemeine Systemtheorie ( or Lehre )", pointing out the fact that " Theorie " ( or " Lehre ") just as " Wissenschaft " ( translated Scholarship ), " has a much broader meaning in German than the closest English words ‘ theory ’ and ‘ science '".

Erhard's fall suggested that progress on German unification required a broader approach and a more active foreign policy.

* In German jurisdiction: The term Senat ( senate ) in higher courts of appeal refers to the " bench " in its broader metonymy meaning, describing members of the judiciary collectively ( usually five judges ), often occupied with of a particular subject-matter jurisdiction.

In Germany, Imperial Chancellor Otto von Bismarck revised his initial dislike of colonies ( which he had seen as burdensome and useless ), partly because he was under pressure for colonial expansion matching that of the other European states, but also under the mistaken notion that Germany's entry into the colonial scramble could press Britain into conceding to broader German strategic ambitions.

" German idealism was initially introduced to the broader community of American literati through a Vermont intellectual, James Marsh.

This action occurred during the U. S .- led portion of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in France, which was part of a broader Allied offensive masterminded by Marshal Ferdinand Foch to breach the Hindenburg line and make the opposing German forces surrender.

A broader definition of Schnaps includes other German-made spirits, such as Kräuterlikör ( e. g., Jägermeister ), Korn, Kümmel, German gin ( e. g., Steinhäger ), and generally any distilled beverage.

After vain attempts to reorganize the cabinet on a broader basis by including members of the German People's Party, the president of the republic again entrusted Wirth with the formation of the cabinet, a task he soon accomplished ( October 26 ).

In order to secure a broader basis for his government in the critical situation which faced the republic, Dr. Wirth had sought to gain the adherence of the German People's Party, which represented the property-owning classes.

# A broader term for the closely related, continental West Germanic language family unaffected by the High German consonant shift, nor classifying as Anglo-Frisian, and thus including Low Franconian varieties such as Dutch.

The German phrase kaiserlich und königlich (, Imperial and Royal ), typically abbreviated as k. u. k., k. und k., or k. & k. ( in all cases the " und " is always spoken unabbreviated ), refers to the Court of the Habsburgs in a broader historical perspective ( see below ).

Bionics ' German equivalent, Bionik, always adheres to the broader meaning, in that it tries to develop engineering solutions from biological models.

It was carried out as part of the much broader action plan, known as Intelligenzaktion, to eradicate the Polish intellectual elite especially in those centres ( such as Kraków ), which were slated by the Nazis to become culturally German.

It was apparent that Mihailov had broader plans which envisaged the creation of a Macedonian state under a German control.

Especially following World War II, some scholars divide geostrategy into two schools: the uniquely German organic state theory ; and, the broader Anglo-American geostrategies.