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The Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 ) scholar Ouyang Xiu ( 1007 – 1072 ) asserted that playing cards and card games existed at least since the mid-Tang Dynasty and associated their invention with the simultaneous development of using sheets or pages instead of paper rolls as a writing medium.
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Song and Dynasty
In the famous long scroll Along the River During the Qingming Festival painted by Zhang Zeduan ( 1085 – 1145 AD ) during the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1297 AD ), a suanpan is clearly seen lying beside an account book and doctor's prescriptions on the counter of an apothecary's ( Feibao ).
Early descriptions of the production process and glazing techniques used for bricks can be found in the Song Dynasty carpenter's manual Yingzao Fashi, published in 1103 by the government official Li Jie, who was put in charge of overseeing public works for the central government's construction agency.
Native Chinese astronomy flourished during the Song Dynasty, and during the Yuan Dynasty became increasingly influenced by medieval Islamic astronomy.
References to cannibalizing the enemy has also been seen in poetry written in the Song Dynasty, ( for example, in Man Jiang Hong ) although the cannibalizing is perhaps poetic symbolism, expressing hatred towards the enemy.
This economic phenomenon was a slow and gradual process that took place from the late Tang Dynasty ( 618 – 907 ) into the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 ).
In the 10th century, the Song Dynasty government began circulating these notes amongst the traders in their monopolized salt industry.
Song Dynasty Jiaozi, the world's earliest paper money
The Song Dynasty was the first to issue generally circulating paper currency, while the Yuan Dynasty was the first to use notes as the predominant circulating medium.
Capitals: of the Song Dynasty, Kaifeng and Lin ' an ; of the Liao Dynasty, Shangjing, Nanjing, and Tokmok ; of the Jin Dynasty, Shangjing, Zhongdu, and Kaifeng ; of the Western Xia Dynasty, Yinchuan
In 960, the Song Dynasty gained power over most of China and established its capital in Kaifeng ( later known as Bianjing ), starting a period of economic prosperity, while the Khitan Liao Dynasty ruled over Manchuria, present-day Mongolia, and parts of Northern China.
The Jin Dynasty took power over northern China and Kaifeng from the Song Dynasty, which moved its capital to Hangzhou ( 杭州 ).
The Southern Song Dynasty also suffered the humiliation of having to acknowledge the Jin Dynasty as formal overlords.
In the ensuing years, China was divided between the Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty and the Tangut Western Xia.
This included the use of gunpowder weapons, which played a large role in the Song Dynasty naval victories against the Jin in the Battle of Tangdao and Battle of Caishi on the Yangtze River in 1161.
The Song Dynasty is considered by many to be classical China's high point in science and technology, with innovative scholar-officials such as Su Song ( 1020 – 1101 ) and Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ).
Song and 960
The period of political disunity between the Tang and the Song, known as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, lasted little more than half a century, from 907 to 960.
The enormous encyclopedic work in China of the Four Great Books of Song, compiled by the 11th century AD during the early Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 ), was a massive literary undertaking for the time.
* 960 – The coronation of Zhao Kuangyin as Emperor Taizu of Song, initiating the Song Dynasty period of China that would last more than three centuries.
Beginning in the 11th century, longer scrolls and books were produced using movable type printing making books widely available during the Song dynasty ( 960 – 1279 ).
A Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 ) chancellor of China, Wang Dan ( 957 – 1017 ), lost his eldest son to smallpox and sought a means to spare the rest of his family from the disease, so he summoned physicians, wise men, and magicians from all across the empire to convene at the capital in Kaifeng and share ideas on how to cure patients of it.
Representations of the bodhisattva in China prior to the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 ) were masculine in appearance.
By the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 ), yellow, orange, white, and red-and-white colorations had been developed.
In 1152, during the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 AD ), it was under the jurisdiction of the new Xiangshan County.
Food catering establishments which may be described as restaurants were known since the 11th century in Kaifeng, China's northern capital during the first half of the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 ).
During the Song Dynasty ( AD 960 – 1279 ) Shanghai was upgraded in status from a village to a market town in 1074, and in 1172 a second sea wall was built to stabilize the ocean coastline, supplementing an earlier dyke.
Between 397 and 402, Ge Chaofu compiled a series of scriptures which later served as the foundation of the Lingbao school, which unfolded its greatest influence during the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 ).
Chinese Song Dynasty ( 906 – 960 ) sources indicate that an Uyghur physician named Nanto traveled to China and brought with him many kinds of medicine unknown to the Chinese.
* Emperor Taizu of Song, founder of the Chinese Song Dynasty ( lived March 21, 927 – November 14, 976, reigned 960 – 976 )
Screen printing is a form of stenciling that first appeared in a recognizable form in China during the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 AD ).
The Tang Code was largely retained by later codes such as the early Ming Dynasty ( 1368 – 1644 ) code of 1397, yet there were several revisions in later times, such as improved property rights for women during the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 ).
The Han Dynasty was a unique period in the development of premodern Chinese science and technology, comparable to the level of scientific and technological growth during the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 ).
However during the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 AD ), antiquarians collected bronze ritual vessels attributed to the Shang era, some of which bore inscriptions.
The Song dynasty in China ( 960 – 1279 ) used candle-clocks.
Song and –
* 1943 – Chuck Girard, American singer-songwriter and pianist ( Love Song and The Castells )
* 1948 – John Mehler, American drummer ( Love Song )
* 1085 – Emperor Shenzong of Song ( b. 1048 )
* 1981 – Song Ji-hyo, South Korean actress
* 1992: Song of the Year – " Baby Baby "
* 2011: Best Gospel Song – " Better Than a Hallelujah "
* 2012: Best Country Song – " Threaten Me with Heaven "
* 1990: Country Song of the Year – " Tis So Sweet to Trust in Jesus "
* 1992: Song of the Year – " Place in This World "
* 2003: Song of the Year – " The River's Gonna Keep On Rolling "
* 1948 – David Ingram, American musician, songwriter, and arranger ( AnExchange and Love Song ) ( d. 2005 )
In ancient China, large canals for river transport were established as far back as the Warring States ( 481 – 221 BC ), the longest one of that period being the Hong Gou ( Canal of the Wild Geese ), which according to the ancient historian Sima Qian connected the old states of Song, Zhang, Chen, Cai, Cao, and Wei.
* Mote, Frederick W. Imperial China, 900 – 1800 Harvard University Press, 1999, 1, 136 pages, the authoritative treatment of the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties ;
During the Song Dynasty, the scholar Zhu Xi ( AD 1130 – 1200 ) added ideas from Daoism and Buddhism into Confucianism.
Outside Europe, the escapement mechanism had been known and used in medieval China, as the Song Dynasty horologist and engineer Su Song ( 1020 – 1101 ) incorporated it into his astronomical clock-tower of Kaifeng in 1088.
* 1983 – Liu Song, Chinese snooker player
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