That is why, the argument runs, the squares are so fearful of jazz and yet perversely fascinated by it.

`` The argument that is cutting most ice is that Hearst is the only candidate who is fighting the trusts fearlessly and who would use all the powers of government to disrupt them if he were elected.

My argument is that there was no Saxon Shore prior to that time even though the forts had been in existence since the time of Carausius.

What was missing in the Governor's argument, as in so many similar arguments, was a premise which would enable one to make the ethical leap from what might be militarily desirable to what is right.

Sir Robert Watson-Watt's `` rebuttal '' of Sir Charles Snow's Godkin Lectures is marred throughout by too forceful a desire to defend Lindemann and apparently himself from Sir Charles' supposed falsehoods while stating those `` falsehoods '' in an unclear incoherent argument.

The argument against this last approach is comparable to that which rejects stories about hoop snakes, about snakes that break themselves into many pieces and join up again, or even of ghosts that chase people out of graveyards ; ;

For it is clear that the total number of ordinary intersections of C and Af must be even ( otherwise, starting in the interior of C, Af could not finally return to the interior ), and the center of rotation at T is the argument of the function, not a value.

Therefore, for any value of T the number of values of f{t} is equal to the ( finite ) number of tangent points corresponding to the argument T plus an odd number.

The Mathematical Appendix presents the rigorous argument, but is best read after Part 1, in order that the assumptions underlying the equations may be explicit.

There is nonetheless considerable argument against the clause, softened though it be, on the grounds that Federal aid is so necessary to the public schools.

The first argument is thus an ideal experiment in which we use the method of difference.

I come now to a third argument, which again is very simple.

Obviously, a satisfactory answer to the third question is imperative, if the argument is to get under way at all, for if there is any possibility of doubt whether the patient's tactual sensitivity had been impaired by the occipital lesion, any findings whatsoever in regard to the first question become completely ambiguous and fail altogether, of course, as evidence to establish the desired conclusion.

If the argument is accepted as essentially sound up to this point, it remains for us to consider whether the patient's difficulties in orienting himself spatially and in locating objects in space with the sense of touch can be explained by his defective visual condition.

Yet, if the argument is turned awry, there may be found a great deal in Bryan's view, after all.

More often, though, he is so accustomed to submitting to authority on the job without argument that he lives by the same rule at home.

This is the only valid, and extenuating, argument that may be advanced in defense of the reprehensible attitude of the common wine waiter.

`` The trouble, '' explained Loy Henderson, then Deputy Undersecretary for Administration, `` is that when we get into an argument with him about this thing, it always turns out that Rooney knows more about our budget than we do ''.

" In many ways Trotsky's argument was valid, but he was overlooking the changes, which were taking place.

In classical logic disjunctive syllogism ( historically known as modus tollendo ponens ) is a valid argument form which is a syllogism having a disjunctive statement for one of its premises.

Stove alleged that by using weak or false ad hoc reasoning, these Ultra-Darwinists used evolutionary concepts to offer explanations that were not valid ( e. g., Stove suggested that sociobilogical explanation of altruism as an evolutionary feature was presented in such as way that the argument was effectively immune to any criticism.

Disjunction introduction or addition is a simple valid argument form, an immediate inference and a rule of inference of propositional logic.

In propositional logic, disjunction elimination ( sometimes named proof by cases or case analysis ), is the valid argument form and rule of inference that allows one to eliminate a disjunctive statement from a logical proof.

He also presents an argument against qualia ; he argues that the concept is so confused that it cannot be put to any use or understood in any non-contradictory way, and therefore does not constitute a valid refutation of physicalism.

The argument is logically valid, meaning that if the premises are true, then the conclusion is guaranteed to also be true.

Ignoratio elenchi, also known as irrelevant conclusion, irrelevant thesis or fallacy of distraction, is the informal fallacy of presenting an argument that may in itself be valid, but does not address the issue in question.

A valid argument is a set of propositions, the last of which follows from — or is implied by — the rest.

The simplest valid argument is modus ponens, one instance of which is the following set of propositions:

In propositional logic, modus ponendo ponens ( Latin for " the way that affirms by affirming "; often abbreviated to MP or modus ponens ) or implication elimination is a valid, simple argument form and rule of inference.

It is closely related to another valid form of argument, modus tollens.

This argument is valid, but this has no bearing on whether any of the statements in the argument are true ; for modus ponens to be a sound argument, the premises must be true for any true instances of the conclusion.

An argument can be valid but nonetheless unsound if one or more premises are false ; if an argument is valid and all the premises are true, then the argument is sound.

The argument is not only sound on Tuesdays ( when John goes to work ), but valid on every day of the week.

In propositional logic, modus tollens ( or modus tollendo tollens and also denying the consequent ) ( Latin for " the way that denies by denying ") is a valid argument form and rule of inference.

Modus tollens is closely related to another valid form of argument, modus ponens.

He was also pleased with the wide distribution because he thought it proved again his argument that Dallas investment men can do just as good a job as the big New York investment bankers claim only they can do.

This must be stressed because it is absolutely essential to the argument of this concluding chapter.

But this argument cannot be pushed very far because the Communist system makes up for any shortcomings of its leaders in respect to corrosion.

One argument given in favor of using the axiom of choice is that it is convenient to use it because it allows one to prove some simplifying propositions that otherwise could not be proved.

A related argument is from conscience ; John Henry Newman argued that the conscience supports the claim that objective moral truths exist because it drives people to act morally even when it is not in their own interest.

The argument is that Germany must develop self-sufficiency in food supplies because it might again prove impossible to deal a swift knockout to her enemies and a protracted total war might prove unavoidable.

Another way of putting the argument is to say computational computer programs can pass the Turing test for processing the syntax of a language, but that semantics cannot be reduced to syntax in the way Strong AI advocates hoped: processing semantics is conscious and intentional because we use semantics to consciously produce meaning by what we say.

They regard a " crime malum in se " as inherently criminal ; whereas a " crime malum prohibitum " ( the argument goes ) counts as criminal only because the law has decreed it so.

Although it was originally presented in reaction to the statements of artificial intelligence researchers, it is not an argument against the goals of AI research, because it does not limit the amount of intelligence a machine can display.

Several replies argue that Searle's argument is irrelevant because his assumptions about the mind and consciousness are faulty.

" This form of the argument is far more difficult to separate from a purely first cause argument than is the example of the house's maintenance above, because here the First Cause is insufficient without the candle's or vessel's continued existence.

However, most real numbers are not definable: the set of all definable numbers is countably infinite ( because the set of all logical formulas is ) while the set of real numbers is uncountably infinite ( see Cantor's diagonal argument ).

The above definition implies this one: the upper bound of the empty subset is any existing element of A, because A is nonempty ; furthermore, as provable with an induction argument over the size of nonempty finite subsets, the upper bound of a finite subset may be obtained by finding upper bounds of pairs iteratively.

Part of the reason that Hayek stressed the knowledge problem was also because he was mainly concerned with debating the proposal for Market Socialism and the Lange Model by Oskar R. Lange ( 1938 ) and Hayek's student Abba Lerner ( 1934, 1937, 1938 ), which was developed in response to the calculation argument.

Some scholars believe that, because the only evidence for the " courts of love " is Andreas Capellanus ’ s book The Art of Courtly Love, they probably never existed ; to further strengthen their argument, they say that there is also no evidence that Marie ever stayed with her mother in Poitiers, beyond her name being mentioned in Andreas ’ s work.

A claim or defense may be frivolous because it had no underlying justification in fact, or because it was not presented with an argument for a reasonable extension or reinterpretation of the law.

( This argument would imply that at least real additions are required, although this is not a tight bound because extra additions are required as part of complex-number multiplications.

The argument went on to note that profit-maximization was not accomplished, in part, because of the lack of complete information.

" Shaw's argument was that even if wealth was initially distributed equally, the degree of laissez-faire advocated by Tucker would result in the distribution of wealth becoming unequal because it would permit private appropriation and accumulation.

Adams made the argument because the U. S. had prohibited the international slave trade, although it allowed internal slavery.

Diplock courts were created in the 1970s during The Troubles, in order to phase out Operation Demetrius internments and because of the argument that juries were intimidated, although this is disputed.

The fundamental importance, in Roman Catholic theology, of the sacrament of water baptism gives rise to the argument that, because original sin excludes from the beatific vision enjoyed by the souls in heaven, those who have not been freed from it either by the sacrament or by baptism of desire or baptism of blood are not eligible for entry into heaven.

Moore's argument in Principia Ethica is ( among other things ) a defense of ethical non-naturalism ; he argues that the term " good " ( in the sense of intrinsic value ) is indefinable, because it names a simple, non-natural property.