However, the various preconditions for the development at Ford stretched far back into the 19th century, from the gradual realization of the dream of interchangeability, to the concept of reinventing workflow and job descriptions using analytical methods ( the most famous example being scientific management ).

: In Simulacra and Simulation, introduced the concept that reality or the principle of the " real " is short-circuited by the interchangeability of signs in an era whose communicative and semantic acts are dominated by electronic media and digital technologies.

This allowed the concept of interchangeability ( an idea that was already taking hold ) to be practically applied to nuts and bolts.

This standardization of parts was central to Ford's concept of mass production, and the manufacturing " tolerances ", or upper and lower dimensional limits that ensured interchangeability of parts became widely applied across manufacturing.

Jean Bodin, writing in the sixteenth century, may have been the seminal thinker, but it was the vastly influential John Austin who set out the main lines of the concept as now understood.

They recognized that slavery was a moral issue and not merely an economic interest, and that to recognize it explicitly in their Constitution would be in explosive contradiction to the concept of sovereignty they had set forth in the Declaration of 1776 that `` all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among them are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

But though the Southern States, when drafting a constitution to unite themselves, narrowed the difference to this fine point by omitting to assert the right to secede, the fact remained that by seceding from the Union they had already acted on the concept that it was composed primarily of sovereign states.

What was perhaps more important than his concept of the nature of history and the historical method were those forces which shaped the direction of his thought.

There was only one way to accomplish this: by design, by drawing diagrams and sketches in which he probed the remotest corner of his mind for creative ideas to carry his concept.

what mattered was that a new concept of Americans was being born.

The concept of the Middle Kingdom at peace, strong and united under a forceful ruler, which had been only a longed-for ideal in the time of the Warring States, was finally realized by the establishment of a Chinese Empire under the Ch'in dynasty ( 221-207 B.C. ).

there was no Martian concept to match it -- unless one took `` church '' and `` worship '' and `` God '' and `` congregation '' and many other words and equated them to the totality of the only world he had known during growing-waiting then forced the concept back into English in that phrase which had been rejected ( by each differently ) by Jubal, by Mahmoud, by Digby.

He was closer to understanding it in English now, although it could never have the inevitability of the Martian concept it stood for.

`` I did not perceive this essential distinction either, First-Born '', Hesperus said at once, `` I was only practicing a concept that Jack taught me, called a deal ''.

This concept was emphasized by Sufi mystics like Rabia al-Adawiyya who paid attention to the difference between dedication to Allah ( i. e. God ) and dedication to people.

The zero was probably introduced to the Chinese in the Tang Dynasty ( 618-907 AD ) when travel in the Indian Ocean and the Middle East would have provided direct contact with India, allowing them to acquire the concept of zero and the decimal point from Indian merchants and mathematicians.

A third concept was proposed in 1923 by Gilbert N. Lewis which includes reactions with acid-base characteristics that do not involve a proton transfer.

The concept of an atom as an indivisible component of matter was first proposed by early Indian and Greek philosophers.

As it took many years for the name " The Ashes " to be given to the ongoing series between England and Australia, there was no concept of there being a representation of the ashes being presented to the winners.

Ford was the first company to build large factories around the assembly line concept.

The assembly line concept was independently redeveloped throughout history and not " invented " at one time by one person.

A peculiar feature of these Taoist thinkers, like the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, was the concept of feng liu ( lit.

Rabbi Trugman states that in the last five centuries the concept of reincarnation, which until then had been a much hidden tradition within Judaism, was given open exposure.

The Arian concept of Christ is that the Son of God did not always exist, but was created by — and is therefore distinct from — God the Father.

Woolfson, a songwriter and composer, was working as a session pianist ; he had also composed material for a concept album idea based on the work of Edgar Allan Poe.

A grant application to build a proof of concept prototype was submitted in March 1939 to the Agronomy department which was also interested in speeding up computation for economic and research analysis.

The concept and theory of Kolmogorov Complexity is based on a crucial theorem first discovered by Ray Solomonoff, who published it in 1960, describing it in " A Preliminary Report on a General Theory of Inductive Inference " as part of his invention of algorithmic probability.

Ann Turkel believes that chauvinistic attitudes of men stem from the early mother-child relationship, and that the concept of breast envy in men is crucial to understanding the connection between envy and devaluation, and thus the root of chauvinistic attitudes in men.

Haeckel ’ s embryo drawings are primarily intended to express his idiosyncratic theory of embryonic development, the Biogenetic Law, which in turn assumes ( but is not crucial to ) the evolutionary concept of common descent.

Often the concept is only used for the production of consonants, even though the movement of the articulators will also greatly alter the resonant properties of the vocal tract, thereby changing the formant structure of speech sounds that is crucial for the identification of vowels.

The crucial breakthrough for organic chemistry was the concept of chemical structure, developed independently and simultaneously by Friedrich August Kekulé and Archibald Scott Couper in 1858.

Edison originated the concept and implementation of electric-power generation and distribution to homes, businesses, and factories – a crucial development in the modern industrialized world.

This original proposal, FSS-UTF ( File System Safe UCS Transformation Format ), was similar in concept to UTF-8, but lacked the crucial property of self-synchronization.

In the mid-19th century, the concept of " dialectic " was appropriated by Karl Marx ( see, for example, Das Kapital, published in 1867 ) and Friedrich Engels and retooled in a non-idealist manner, becoming a crucial notion in their philosophy of dialectical materialism.

Cosgrave's governments in particular played a crucial role in the evolution of the British Empire into the British Commonwealth, with fundamental changes to the concept of the role of the Crown, the governor-generalship and the British Government within the Commonwealth.

In fact there is little trace of Machiavelli in French writings before the massacre, and not very much after, until Gentillet's own book, but this concept was seized upon by many contemporaries, and played a crucial part in setting the long-lasting popular concept of Machiavellianism that so infuriates scholars of his actual thought.

In interactionist social theory, the concept of role is crucial.

In a live television interview aired June 11, 2006, on CNN, Howard Kurtz asked Friedman himself about the concept: " Now, I want to understand how a columnist's mind works when you take positions, because you were chided recently for writing several times in different occasions ' the next six months are crucial in Iraq.

Expounding upon Leibniz ’ s concept of petites apperceptions and the idea of apperception, Herbart believed the apperceiving mass to be crucial in selecting similar ideas from down in the unconscious to join its forces in the conscious.

Taine seems to have drawn heavily on the philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder's ideas of volk ( people ) and nation in his own concept of race ; the Spanish writer Emilia Pardo Bazán has suggested that a crucial predecessor to Taine's idea was the work of Germaine de Staël on the relationship between art and society.

The crucial concept in physics theories is the order parameter.

In a competing theory, Hutton's comprehension of endless deep time as a crucial scientific concept was developed into uniformitarianism by Charles Lyell in his Principles of Geology ( 1830 – 33 ).

Agamben's concept rests on a crucial distinction in Greek between ' bare life ' ( la vita nuda, Gk. ζωή: zoê ) and ' a particular mode of life ' or ' qualified life.

Mimesis, or imitation, as he referred to it, was a crucial concept for Samuel Taylor Coleridge's theory of the imagination.

The crucial concept is that the physicist can think of it as a single unit to the extent that it either does or does not move, as the case may be.

However, it is crucial to note that modularization is not an independent and self-contained organizational concept, but rather consists of several basic ideas, which are integral parts of other organizational concepts.

The concept of an archaeological culture was crucial to linking the typological analysis of archaeological evidence to mechanisms that attempted to explain why they change through time.

Bynum argues that much more research is needed into how the concept of the great chain of being was replaced, but he agrees that Lovejoy was right that the crucial period was the end of the 18th century when " the Enlightenment's chain of being was dismantled ".

Stories in this category of AU follow the established canon before veering away at a crucial moment ( similar in concept to many entries in Marvel Comics ' What If series and DC Comics ' Elseworlds series ).

Evans has been widely acknowledged as playing a crucial role in initiating, and advocating the international acceptance of, the concept, first as Co-Chair of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty which introduced the expression in its 2001 report of that name, and subsequently as a member of the UN Secretary-General ’ s High Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, Co-Chair of the Advisory Board of the Global Centre on the Responsibility to Protect, and as the author of the Brookings Institution-published The Responsibility to Protect: Ending Mass Atrocity Crimes Once and For All and many other published works.