A counter-argument ( in favor of the concept of stare decisis ) is that if the legislature wishes to alter the case law ( other than constitutional interpretations ) by statute, the legislature is empowered to do so.

Unlike common law jurisdictions, there is no strict precedential concept for case law and no principle of stare decisis.

A partial formalization of the concept began with attempts to solve the Entscheidungsproblem ( the " decision problem ") posed by David Hilbert in 1928.

Theravada promotes the concept of vibhajjavada ( Pāli, literally " Teaching of Analysis ") to non-Buddhists.

For Gilbert Ryle ( 1949 ), a category ( in particular a " category mistake ") is an important semantic concept, but one having only loose affinities to an ontological category.

Augustine of Hippo in De Civitate Dei writes Si fallor, sum (" If I am mistaken, I am ") ( book XI, 26 ), and also anticipates modern refutations of the concept.

A slightly earlier, surprisingly reliable version of the same concept was to bundle a sequence of audio digital " signal " and " no signal " information ( i. e. " sound " and " silence ") on magnetic cassette tape for use with early home computers.

# The Gesetz über den Neuaufbau des Reiches (" Law concerning the reconstruction of the Reich ") ( January 30, 1934 ) abandoned the concept of a federal republic.

An ideogram or ideograph ( from Greek idea " idea " + grafo " to write ") is a graphic symbol that represents an idea or concept.

Even before the concept of immunity ( from immunis, Latin for " exempt ") was developed, numerous early physicians characterized organs that would later prove to be part of the immune system.

The program involves a one-week team design exercise developing an early mission concept study, working with JPL's Advanced Projects Design Team (" Team X ") and other concurrent engineering teams.

The word meme is a shortening ( modeled on gene ) of mimeme ( from Ancient Greek μίμημα mīmēma, " something imitated ", from μιμεῖσθαι mimeisthai, " to imitate ", from μῖμος mimos " mime ") and it was coined by the British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in The Selfish Gene ( 1976 ) as a concept for discussion of evolutionary principles in explaining the spread of ideas and cultural phenomena.

He wrote a number of software packages ( including BRL-CAD ) and network tools ( including ttcp and the concept of the default route or " default gateway ") and contributed to many others ( including BIND ).

The Mesolithic ( Greek: mesos " middle ", lithos " stone ") is an archaeological concept used to refer to specific groups of archaeological cultures defined as falling between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic.

In Latin, one way to express the concept of '< span style =" font-variant: small-caps ; text-transform: lowercase "> NOUN-PHRASE </ span >< sub > 1 </ sub > and < span style =" font-variant: small-caps ; text-transform: lowercase "> NOUN-PHRASE </ span >< sub > 2 </ sub >' ( as in " apples and oranges ") is to suffix '- que ' to the second noun phrase: " apples oranges-and ", as it were.

He argued that modern philosophies legitimized their truth-claims not ( as they themselves claimed ) on logical or empirical grounds, but rather on the grounds of accepted stories ( or " metanarratives ") about knowledge and the world — comparing these with Wittgenstein's concept of language-games.

Phrenology ( from Greek: φρήν, phrēn, " mind "; and λόγος, logos, " knowledge ") is a pseudoscience primarily focused on measurements of the human skull, based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific functions or modules.

Sokal wrote " Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity ", an article proposing that quantum gravity has progressive political implications, and that the " morphogenetic field " ( characterized by Sokal as " a bizarre New Age concept due to Rupert Sheldrake ") could be a cutting-edge theory of quantum gravity.

The preface explains that the original concept of a general system theory was " Allgemeine Systemtheorie ( or Lehre )", pointing out the fact that " Theorie " ( or " Lehre ") just as " Wissenschaft " ( translated Scholarship ), " has a much broader meaning in German than the closest English words ‘ theory ’ and ‘ science '".

The term was coined by Jack Williamson in a science-fiction story (" Collision Orbit ") published during 1942 in Astounding Science Fiction, but the concept may pre-date this work.

American Doll Possee, another concept album, is fashioned around a group of girls ( the " posse ") who are used as a theme of alter-egos of Amos's.

The game made its way to England and was sold as Snakes and Ladders, then the basic concept was introduced in the United States as Chutes and Ladders ( an " improved new version of England's famous indoor sport ") by game pioneer Milton Bradley in 1943.

Since Otto III had intentions to renew the Empire based on a federal concept he called " Renovatio Imperii Romanorum ", and within that federal framework, Polish and Hungarian duchies were to be upgraded to eastern federati of the empire it was towards this end that the Emperor placed his Imperial crown on Bolesław I's brow and invested him with the titles frater et cooperator Imperii (" Brother and Partner of the Empire ") and populi Romani amicus et socius.

Such " relational " or " polyadic " (" many-place ") concepts and expressions have, for their extension, the set of all sequences of objects that satisfy the concept or expression in question.

The oldest, and still common, is the concept of " stemming ", pushing the front (" tips ") or rear (" tails ) of the skis sideways from the body so they form an angle to the direction of travel.

Pax Americana ( Latin for " American Peace ") is a term applied to the historical concept of relative peace in the Western Hemisphere and later the Western world resulting from the preponderance of power enjoyed by the United States starting around the turn of the 19th to 20th century.

Jean Bodin, writing in the sixteenth century, may have been the seminal thinker, but it was the vastly influential John Austin who set out the main lines of the concept as now understood.

They recognized that slavery was a moral issue and not merely an economic interest, and that to recognize it explicitly in their Constitution would be in explosive contradiction to the concept of sovereignty they had set forth in the Declaration of 1776 that `` all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among them are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

But though the Southern States, when drafting a constitution to unite themselves, narrowed the difference to this fine point by omitting to assert the right to secede, the fact remained that by seceding from the Union they had already acted on the concept that it was composed primarily of sovereign states.

What was perhaps more important than his concept of the nature of history and the historical method were those forces which shaped the direction of his thought.

There was only one way to accomplish this: by design, by drawing diagrams and sketches in which he probed the remotest corner of his mind for creative ideas to carry his concept.

what mattered was that a new concept of Americans was being born.

The concept of the Middle Kingdom at peace, strong and united under a forceful ruler, which had been only a longed-for ideal in the time of the Warring States, was finally realized by the establishment of a Chinese Empire under the Ch'in dynasty ( 221-207 B.C. ).

there was no Martian concept to match it -- unless one took `` church '' and `` worship '' and `` God '' and `` congregation '' and many other words and equated them to the totality of the only world he had known during growing-waiting then forced the concept back into English in that phrase which had been rejected ( by each differently ) by Jubal, by Mahmoud, by Digby.

He was closer to understanding it in English now, although it could never have the inevitability of the Martian concept it stood for.

`` I did not perceive this essential distinction either, First-Born '', Hesperus said at once, `` I was only practicing a concept that Jack taught me, called a deal ''.

This concept was emphasized by Sufi mystics like Rabia al-Adawiyya who paid attention to the difference between dedication to Allah ( i. e. God ) and dedication to people.

The zero was probably introduced to the Chinese in the Tang Dynasty ( 618-907 AD ) when travel in the Indian Ocean and the Middle East would have provided direct contact with India, allowing them to acquire the concept of zero and the decimal point from Indian merchants and mathematicians.

A third concept was proposed in 1923 by Gilbert N. Lewis which includes reactions with acid-base characteristics that do not involve a proton transfer.

The concept of an atom as an indivisible component of matter was first proposed by early Indian and Greek philosophers.

As it took many years for the name " The Ashes " to be given to the ongoing series between England and Australia, there was no concept of there being a representation of the ashes being presented to the winners.

Ford was the first company to build large factories around the assembly line concept.

The assembly line concept was independently redeveloped throughout history and not " invented " at one time by one person.

A peculiar feature of these Taoist thinkers, like the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, was the concept of feng liu ( lit.

Rabbi Trugman states that in the last five centuries the concept of reincarnation, which until then had been a much hidden tradition within Judaism, was given open exposure.

The Arian concept of Christ is that the Son of God did not always exist, but was created by — and is therefore distinct from — God the Father.

Woolfson, a songwriter and composer, was working as a session pianist ; he had also composed material for a concept album idea based on the work of Edgar Allan Poe.

A grant application to build a proof of concept prototype was submitted in March 1939 to the Agronomy department which was also interested in speeding up computation for economic and research analysis.