## < tt > AddRoundKey </ tt >— each byte of the state is combined with the round key using bitwise xor

## < tt > SubBytes </ tt >— a non-linear substitution step where each byte is replaced with another according to a lookup table.

## < tt > ShiftRows </ tt >— a transposition step where each row of the state is shifted cyclically a certain number of steps.

## < tt > MixColumns </ tt >— a mixing operation which operates on the columns of the state, combining the four bytes in each column.

## < tt > AddRoundKey </ tt >

# Final Round ( no < tt > MixColumns </ tt >)

## < tt > SubBytes </ tt >

## < tt > ShiftRows </ tt >

## < tt > AddRoundKey </ tt >

In the < tt > SubBytes </ tt > step, each byte in the state is replaced with its entry in a fixed 8-bit lookup table, S ; b < sub > ij </ sub > = S ( a < sub > ij </ sub >).

In the < tt > SubBytes </ tt > step, each byte in the state matrix is replaced with a < tt > SubByte </ tt > using an 8-bit substitution box, the Rijndael S-box.

The International Time Bureau ( BIH ) began a time scale, T < sub > m </ sub > or AM, in July 1955, using both local caesium clocks and comparisons to distant clocks using the phase of VLF radio signals.

Algeria has always been a source of inspiration for different painters who tried to immortalize the prodigious diversity of the sites it offers and the profusion of the facets that passes its population, which offers for Orientalists between the 19 < sup > th </ sup > century and the 20 < sup > th </ sup > century, a striking inspiration for a very rich artistic creation like Eugène Delacroix with his famous painting women of Algiers in their apartment or Etienne Dinet or other painters of world fame like Pablo Picasso with his painting women of Algiers, or painters issued from the Algiers school.

< center ></ center >

< center >

All 128 ASCII characters, including non-printable characters ( represented by their abbreviations ). The 95 ASCII graphic characters are numbered from 20 < sub > hexadecimal | hex </ sub > to 7E < sub > hexadecimal | hex </ sub > ( decimal 32 to 126 ).

The " space " character had to come before graphics to make sorting easier, so it became position 20 < sub > hex </ sub >; for the same reason, many special signs commonly used as separators were placed before digits.

To keep options available for lower case letters and other graphics, the special and numeric codes were arranged before the letters, and the letter " A " was placed in position 41 < sub > hex </ sub > to match the draft of the corresponding British standard.

The @ symbol was not used in continental Europe and the committee expected it would be replaced by an accented À in the French variation, so the @ was placed in position 40 < sub > hex </ sub > next to the letter A.

In the < tt > MixColumns </ tt > step, each column of the state is multiplied with a fixed polynomial c ( x ).

In the < tt > MixColumns </ tt > step, the four bytes of each column of the state are combined using an invertible linear transformation.

Together with < tt > ShiftRows </ tt >, < tt > MixColumns </ tt > provides diffusion in the cipher.

The < tt > MixColumns </ tt > step can also be viewed as a multiplication by a particular MDS matrix in a finite field.

On systems with 32-bit or larger words, it is possible to speed up execution of this cipher by combining the < tt > SubBytes </ tt > and < tt > ShiftRows </ tt > steps with the < tt > MixColumns </ tt > step by transforming them into a sequence of table lookups.

Using a byte-oriented approach, it is possible to combine the < tt > SubBytes </ tt >, < tt > ShiftRows </ tt >, and < tt > MixColumns </ tt > steps into a single round operation.

Because the clocks had been on average well above sea level, this meant that TAI slowed down, by about 10 < sup >− 12 </ sup >.

* If it is required to use a single number X as an estimate for the value of numbers, then the arithmetic mean does this best, in the sense of minimizing the sum of squares ( x < sub > i </ sub > − X )< sup > 2 </ sup > of the residuals.

If F ≥ F < sub > Critical </ sub > ( Numerator DF, Denominator DF, α )

η < sup > 2 </ sup > ( eta-squared ):

He also offers a conversion table ( see Cohen, 1988, p. 283 ) for eta squared ( η < sup > 2 </ sup >) where 0. 0099 constitutes a small effect, 0. 0588 a medium effect and 0. 1379 a large effect.

When there are only two means to compare, the t-test and the ANOVA F-test are equivalent ; the relation between ANOVA and t is given by F = t < sup > 2 </ sup >.

With the formula C < sub > n </ sub > H < sub > 2n + 2 </ sub >, Alkanes belong to a homologous series of organic compounds in which the members differ by a constant relative molecular mass of 14.

The number of carbon atoms is used to define the size of the alkane ( e. g., C < sub > 2 </ sub >- alkane ).

The simplest possible alkane ( the parent molecule ) is methane, CH < sub > 4 </ sub >.

If the method is applied to an infinite sequence ( X < sub > i </ sub >: i ∈ ω ) of nonempty sets, a function is obtained at each finite stage, but there is no stage at which a choice function for the entire family is constructed, and no " limiting " choice function can be constructed, in general, in ZF without the axiom of choice.

A still weaker example is the axiom of countable choice ( AC < sub > ω </ sub > or CC ), which states that a choice function exists for any countable set of nonempty sets.

Although it is generally harmless to plant growth in pH-neutral soils, the concentration in acid soils of toxic Al < sup > 3 +</ sup > cations increases and disturbs root growth and function.

The part of the function that depends on the distance from the nucleus has nodes ( radial nodes ) and decays as e < sup >(- distance )</ sup > from the nucleus.

We could, alternatively, choose an encoding for Turing machines, where an encoding is a function which associates to each Turing Machine M a bitstring < M >.

So-called structure zone models were developed to describe the micro structure and ceramics of thin films as a function of the homologous temperature T < sub > h </ sub > that is the ratio of deposition temperature over melting temperature.

To emphasize that they are being thought of as functions rather than sequences, values of an arithmetic function are usually denoted by a ( n ) rather than a < sub > n </ sub >.

By sweeping this surface through R < sup > 3 </ sup > as a function of the ion sequence input data, such as via ion-ordering, a volume is generated onto which positions the 2D detector positions can be computed and placed three-dimensional space.

Division of whole numbers can be thought of as a function ; if Z is the set of integers, N < sup >+</ sup > is the set of natural numbers ( except for zero ), and Q is the set of rational numbers, then division is a binary function from Z and N < sup >+</ sup > to Q.

Given any element x of X, there is a function f < sup > x </ sup >, or f ( x ,·), from Y to Z, given by f < sup > x </ sup >( y ) := f ( x, y ).

Similarly, given any element y of Y, there is a function f < sub > y </ sub >, or f (·, y ), from X to Z, given by f < sub > y </ sub >( x ) := f ( x, y ).

( In computer science, this identification between a function from X × Y to Z and a function from X to Z < sup > Y </ sup > is called Currying.

In linear algebra, a bilinear transformation is a binary function where the sets X, Y, and Z are all vector spaces and the derived functions f < sup > x </ sup > and f < sub > y </ sub > are all linear transformations.

In 2005 they measured 33 decays of < sup > 262 </ sup > Bh and 2 atoms of < sup > 261 </ sup > Bh, providing a 1n excitation function and some spectroscopic data of both < sup > 262 </ sup > Bh isomers.