With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was practically unknown there from c. AD 600 to c. 1100 except through the Latin translation of the Organon made by Boethius.

Alfred lamented in the preface to his translation of Gregory's Pastoral Care that " learning had declined so thoroughly in England that there were very few men on this side of the Humber who could understand their divine services in English, or even translate a single letter from Latin into English: and I suppose that there were not many beyond the Humber either ".

Alfred's first translation was of Pope Gregory the Great's Pastoral Care, which he prefaced with an introduction explaining why he thought it necessary to translate works such as this one from Latin into English.

Latin translation of Abū Maʿshar's De Magnis Coniunctionibus (‘ Of the great Conjunction ( astronomy and astrology ) | conjunctions ’), Venice, 1515. Astrology was taken up by Islamic scholars following the collapse of Alexandria to the Arabs in the 7th century, and the founding of the Abbasid empire in the 8th.

A 15th-century Latin translation of Plato's Timaeus

Only after the translation into Latin and the addition of commentary by van Schooten in 1649 ( and further work thereafter ) did Descarte's masterpiece receive due recognition.

The intended meaning was likely the first, which would be translated as Latin causātīvus or effectīvus, but the Latin term was a translation of the second.

Pococke's complete Latin translation was eventually published by Joseph White of Oxford in 1800.

The Latin translation helped the Life become one of the best known works of literature in the Christian world, a status it would hold through the Middle Ages.

Oreichalkos, the Ancient Greek translation of this term, was later adapted to the Latin aurichalcum meaning " golden copper " which became the standard term for brass.

He had access to two works of Eusebius: the Historia Ecclesiastica, and also the Chronicon, though he had neither in the original Greek ; instead he had a Latin translation of the Historia, by Rufinus, and Saint Jerome's translation of the Chronicon.

He knew rhetoric, and often used figures of speech and rhetorical forms which cannot easily be reproduced in translation, depending as they often do on the connotations of the Latin words.

He had a Latin translation by Evagrius of Athanasius's Life of Antony, and a copy of Sulpicius Severus ' Life of St. Martin.

This remarkable text, originally written in Latin, is extant only in the 1549 translation of Bishop John Ponet.

Jerome, in the introduction to his Latin translation of the books of Samuel and Kings ( part of the Vulgate ), referred to the book as a chronikon (" Chronicles " in English ).

They were first divided into separate books by the early Christian scholar Origen, in the 3rd century AD, and the separation became entrenched in the 5th century AD when it was followed by Jerome in his Latin translation of the Bible.

1 and 2 Samuel were originally ( and still is in some Jewish bibles ) a single book, but the first Greek translation, produced in the centuries immediately before Christ, divided it into two ; this was adopted by the Latin translation used in the early Christian church of the West, and finally introduced into Jewish bibles around the early 16th century CE.

The Greek Orthodox branch of Christianity continues to use the Greek translation ( the Septuagint ), but when a Latin translation ( called the Vulgate ) was made for the Western church, Kingdoms was first retitled the Book of Kings, parts One to Four, and eventually both Kings and Samuel were separated into two books each.

Jerome recognized them as additions not present in the Hebrew Text and placed them at the end of his Latin translation as chapters 10: 4-16: 24.

In his 1534 translation, William Tyndale translated the phrase in Jonah 2: 1 as " greate fyshe ," and he translated the word ketos ( Greek ) or cetus ( Latin ) in as " whale ".

In the eyes of those who still cared for such things, it was a reflection on his honor, and it gave further grounds for complaint to his overtaxed subjects, who were already grumbling -- although probably not in Latin -- `` Non est lex sana Quod regi sit mea lana ''.

On matters of race he was similarly inflexible: `` Most of the modern Latin races seem to have inherited the rigidity of the Roman mind ''.

His metier was the American tropics, and he had lived all over Latin America and among the primitive tribes on the Amazon river.

Milton was required to absorb and display an intensive and accurate knowledge of Latin grammar, logic-rhetoric, ethics, physics or natural philosophy, metaphysics, and Latin, Greek, and Hebrew.

But his greatest achievement, in his own eyes and in the eyes of his colleagues and teachers, was his amazing ability to produce literary Latin pieces, and he was often called on to do so.

It may be thought unfortunate that he was called on entirely by accident to perform, if again we may trust the opening of the oratio, for it marks the beginning for us of his use of his peculiar form of witty word play that even in this Latin banter has in it the unmistakable element of viciousness and an almost sadistic delight in verbally tormenting an adversary.

Political interference in Africa and Asia and even in Latin America ( though limited in Latin America by the special interest of the United States as expressed in the Monroe Doctrine, itself from the outset related to European politics and long dependent upon the `` balance of power '' system in Europe ) was necessary in order to preserve both common economic values and the European `` balance '' itself.

more doubtful, but possible, ( with an assist from the North ) was the neutralization of the Latin American countries ; ;

It was not even in writing Latin epigrams, sometimes bawdy ones, or in translating Lucian from Greek into Latin or in defending the study of Greek against the attack of conservative academics, or in attacking the conservative theologians who opposed Erasmus's philological study of the New Testament.

Latin America was once an area as `` safe '' for the West as Nebraska was for Nixon.

He thus kept his hands free for any action after Jan. 20, although reaction to the break was generally favorable in the U.S. and Latin America ( see the hemisphere ).

The Latin, for example, was not only clear ; ;

The Latin author Apuleius was born in Madaurus ( Mdaourouch ), in what later became Algeria.

However, while Apollo has a great number of appellations in Greek myth, only a few occur in Latin literature, chief among them Phoebus ( ; Φοίβος, Phoibos, literally " radiant "), which was very commonly used by both the Greeks and Romans in Apollo's role as the god of light.

For this he was also known as Parnopius ( ; Παρνόπιος, Parnopios, from πάρνοψ, " locust ") and to the Romans as Culicarius ( ; from Latin culicārius, " of midges ").

To the Romans, he was known in this capacity as Averruncus ( ; from Latin āverruncare, " to avert ").

Readers unacquainted with its reputation as a satirical work often do not immediately realize that Swift was not seriously proposing cannibalism and infanticide, nor would readers unfamiliar with the satires of Horace and Juvenal recognize that Swift's essay follows the rules and structure of Latin satires.

In making his argument, the speaker uses the conventional, text book approved order of argument from Swift ’ s time ( which was derived from the Latin rhetorician Quintilian ).

Urban was a skilled writer of Latin verse, and a collection of Scriptural paraphrases as well as original hymns of his composition has been frequently reprinted.

The Latin text was printed for the first time in Basel in 1549 by Nicholas Brylinger ; it was also published in the Gesta Dei per Francos by Jacques Bongars in 1611 and the Recueil des historiens des croisades ( RHC ) by Auguste-Arthur Beugnot and Auguste Le Prévost in 1844, and Bongars ' text was reprinted in the Patrologia Latina by Jacques Paul Migne in 1855.

The current official text of the Mass of Paul VI in Latin is the third typical edition of the revised Roman Missal, published in 2002 ( after being promulgated in 2000 ) and reprinted with corrections and updating in 2008.

* Deno J. Geanakoplos, ‘ The Council of Florence ( 1438-9 ) and the problem of Union between the Byzantine and Latin churches ’, in Church History 24 ( 1955 ), 324-46 and reprinted in D. J.

His Cleomedis meteora, with notes and Latin translation, was reprinted at Leiden as late as 1820.

Rimmel reprinted it ( Greek and Latin ); and Michalcescu in Greek only.

He also wrote a work on Latin composition, De emendata structura, Latini sermonis (" On the Pure and Correct Structure of Latin Prose "), which was published in London in 1524 and many times reprinted on the continent of Europe.

" He published a Latin Grammar ( 1867 ; revised with the co-operation of Gonzalez B. Lodge, 1895 and 1899 ; reprinted 1997 with a bibliography of twentieth-century work on the subject ) and a Latin Series for use in secondary schools ( 1875 ), both marked by lucidity of order and mastery of grammatical theory and methods.

Translated out of Latin into English meeter by Arthvr Golding was first printed in 1567 and was reprinted five times by 1603.

It was often reprinted in Spanish ; and before the close of the century had also been translated into Latin, Italian, French and English, an English translation by J Bourchier ( London, 1546 ) and another by Thomas North.

* Grant, Edward, " Celestial Orbs in the Latin Middle Ages ," Isis, 78 ( 1987 ): 153 – 73 ; reprinted in Michael H. Shank, ed., The Scientific Enterprise in Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Chicago: Univ.

The first to discover these fictions was John Hendley Barnhart, in 1919, who identified and reprinted, with commentary, 14 biographical sketches of supposed European botanists who had come to the New World to study in Latin America.

It was not until 1761, when he was in his eightieth year, that he brought out the great work which, once for all, made pathological anatomy a science, and diverted the course of medicine into new channels of exactness or precision — the De Sedibus et causis morborum per anatomem indagatis, which during the succeeding ten years, notwithstanding its bulk, was reprinted several times ( thrice in four years ) in its original Latin, and was translated into French ( 1765 ), English ( 1769 ), and German ( 1771 ).

He contributed three pieces to the collection of Poems to the Memory of Edmund Waller ( 1688 ), afterwards reprinted in Dryden's Miscellany Poems, and is said to have written the Latin inscription on Waller's monument in Beaconsfield churchyard.

Translations of the work also appeared in Latin, French, German, and Italian, and were also reprinted.

The current typical edition for the Ordinary Form of the Roman Rite is the Liturgia Horarum, editio typica altera, promulgated in 1985 ( printed between 1985 and 1987, and reprinted in 2000 ); this uses the Nova Vulgata Latin Bible for the readings, psalms and canticles rather than the Clementina ; it has changed some of the readings and responsories according to the Nova Vulgata ; and it provided for the Benedictus and Magnificat on Sundays with three antiphons each that reflect the three-year cycle of Gospel readings.

* Tucker, T. G., Etymological Dictionary of Latin ( Ares, 1976, reprinted ) ISBN 0-89005-172-0

Among his publications are: Enclitic Ne in Early Latin ( Strassburg dissertation, reprinted in Amer.

According to the Press ' website: " Small Beer Press books have: won the Philip K. Dick Award ; sold reprint rights to the UK, Finland, Japan, Turkey, Hungary, Latin America, Romania, Russia, and Italy ; been nominated for the Impac Prize and finalists for the Story Prize, Nebula, and World Fantasy Awards ; been chosen as best of the year by Booklist, Time Magazine, Salon, Village Voice, the San Francisco Chronicle, and Locus among others ; been reprinted by Penguin and iBooks ; been Book Sense picks ; been excerpted on Salon. com ; and have received starred reviews in Booklist, Publishers Weekly, and Library Journal ".

* Cenodoxus, translated from Latin into 17th century German by Joachim Meichel, and reprinted in 1965 by Ralf Steyer Verlag Muenchen