The `` reality '' to which they respond is rationally empty and their art is an imitation of the inescapable powerfulness of this unknown and empty world.

A broader concept of imitation is needed, one which acknowledges that true invention is important, that the artist's creativity in part transcends the non-artistic causal factors out of which it arises.

Accordingly, it is the aim of this essay to advance a new theory of imitation ( which I shall call mimesis in order to distinguish it from earlier theories of imitation ) and a new theory of invention ( which I shall call symbol for reasons to be stated hereafter ).

The word `` mimesis '' ( `` imitation '' ) is usually associated with Plato and Aristotle.

For Plato, `` imitation '' is twice removed from reality, being a poor copy of physical appearance, which in itself is a poor copy of ideal essence.

The central concern of Erich Auerbach's impressive volume called Mimesis is to describe the shift from a classic theory of imitation ( based upon a recognition of levels of truth ) to a Christian theory of imitation in which the levels are dissolved.

He assures us, early in the Poetics, that all art is `` imitation '' and that all imitation gives pleasure, but he distinguishes between art in general and poetic art on the basis of the means, manner, and the objects of the imitation.

A tragedy, by his definition, is an imitation of an action that is serious, of a certain magnitude, and complete in itself.

but if you know The Real Thing, you know that what you are hearing is only a clever imitation.

Due to its beautiful yellow color, it is used as an imitation of gold.

For Irenaeus the imitation of Christ is based on God's plan of salvation, which involved Christ as the second Adam.

It is still more revolting if the grounds upon which it was laid down have vanished long since, and the rule simply persists from blind imitation of the past.

" St. John Chrysostom wrote: "... virginity is better than marriage, however good .... Celibacy is ... an imitation of the angels.

The Demiurge, having received a portion of power from his mother, sets about a work of creation in unconscious imitation of the superior Pleromatic realm: He frames the seven heavens, as well as all material and animal things, according to forms furnished by his mother ; working however blindly, and ignorant even of the existence of the mother who is the source of all his energy.

Additionally, higher presence of FOXP2 in songbirds is correlated to song changes, with downregulation causing incomplete and inaccurate song imitation in zebra finches.

The following arguments have been based on the content: ( 1 ) It is perceived to be theologically incompatible with Paul's other epistles: elsewhere Paul attributed Jesus's death to the " rulers of this age " ( 1 Cor 2: 8 ) rather than to the Jews, and elsewhere Paul writes that the Jews have not been abandoned by God for " all Israel will be saved " ( Rom 11: 26 ); According to 1 Thes 1: 10, the wrath of God is still to come, it is not something that has already shown itself ( 2 ) There were no extensive historical persecutions of Christians by Jews in Palestine prior to the first Jewish war ( 3 ) The use of the concept of imitation in 1 Thes.

The one apparent connection between the two is a score of buildings which somehow or other have survived and which naturally enough are called `` historical monuments ''.

At that point we reach the `` closed '' historical situation: the situation in which man is no longer free to return to a status quo ante.

but the possibility of this effort is bound up with that development of historical thought which is the greatest achievement of our civilization in the last two centuries, and it is utterly impossible to people in whom this development has not taken place.

It is obvious that the historian who seeks to recapture the ideas that have motivated human behavior throughout a given period will find the art and literature of that age one of his central and major concerns, by no means a mere supplement or adjunct of significant historical research.

In the main stream of historical thinking is a group of scholars, H.M. Chadwick, R.H. Hodgkin, Sir Frank Stenton et al. who are in varying degrees sceptical of the native traditions of the conquest but who defend the catastrophic type of invasion suggested by them.

This magnificent but greatly underestimated book, which bodies forth the very form and pressure of its time as no other comparable creation, has suffered severely from having been written about an historical event -- the Spanish Civil War -- that is still capable of fanning the smoldering fires of old political feuds.

A student organization, Bottega, is open to any student interested in increasing his understanding and appreciation of the graphic and ceramic arts in their historical, technical, and productive contexts.

The quest of the historical Homer is likely never to have further success ; ;

`` It is not an individual that is in the dock at this historical trial '' -- said Ben Gurion, `` and not the Nazi regime alone -- but anti-Semitism throughout history ''.

The story of a quarter of a century of Soviet-Western relations is vitally important, and it is told with the fire of a first-rate historical narrator.

Anatolia ( from Greek — " east " or "( sun ) rise "; also Asia Minor, from " small Asia "; in modern ) is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey.

Another possibility, raised in an essay by the Swedish fantasy writer and editor Rickard Berghorn, is that the name Alhazred was influenced by references to two historical authors whose names were Latinized as Alhazen: Alhazen ben Josef, who translated Ptolemy into Arabic ; and Abu ' Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham, who wrote about optics, mathematics and physics.

The Plague is in part a historical allegory, in which the plague signifies the German occupation of France from 1940 to 1944 during World War II.

One of Achill's most famous historical sites is that of the Achill Mission or ' the Colony ' at Dugort.

Alternate history is related to but distinct from counterfactual history — the term used by some professional historians when using thoroughly researched and carefully reasoned speculations on " what might have happened if ..." as a tool of academic historical research.

Anglicanism is a tradition within Christianity comprising churches with historical connections to the Church of England or similar beliefs, worship and church structures.

The meaning of the word American in the English language varies according to the historical, geographical, and political context in which it is used.

Gervase and Protase — and is one of the oldest extant bodies of historical personages known outside Egypt.

Amber is discussed by Theophrastus, possibly the first historical mention of the material, in the 4th century BC.

Baltic amber or succinite ( historically documented as Prussian amber ) is found as irregular nodules in marine glauconitic sand, known as blue earth, occurring in the Lower Oligocene strata of Sambia in Prussia ( in historical sources also referred to as Glaesaria ).

The historical view, of course, is mainly fantastical.

The conception that diseases and death come from invisible shots sent by supernatural beings, or magicians is common in Germanic and Norse mythology.

In Norse religion, Asgard ( Old Norse: Ásgarðr ; meaning " Enclosure of the Æsir ") is one of the Nine Worlds and is the country or capital city of the Norse Gods surrounded by an incomplete wall attributed to a Hrimthurs riding the stallion Svaðilfari, according to Gylfaginning.

According to The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Asgard is derived from Old Norse āss, god + garðr, enclosure ; from Indo-European roots ansu-spirit, demon ( see cognate ahura ) + gher-grasp, enclose ( see cognates garden and yard ).< ref >; See also ansu-and gher -< sup > 1 </ sup > in " Appendix I: Indo-European Roots " in the same work .</ ref >

Alfheim (, " elf home ") is one of the Nine Worlds and home of the Light Elves in Norse mythology and appears also in Anglo-Scottish ballads under the form Elfhame ( Elphame, Elfame ) as a fairyland, sometimes modernized as Elfland ( Elfinland, Elvenland ).

Álfheim as an abode of the Elves is mentioned only twice in Old Norse texts.

Old Norse askr literally means " ash tree " but the etymology of embla is uncertain, and two possibilities of the meaning of embla are generally proposed.

Ægir ( Old Norse " sea ") is a sea giant, god of the ocean and king of the sea creatures in Norse mythology.

( from Icelandic for " Æsir faith ", pronounced, in Old Norse ) is a form of Germanic neopaganism which developed in the United States from the 1970s.

is an Icelandic ( and equivalently Old Norse ) term consisting of two parts.

The first is -, genitive of, denoting one of the group of Norse heathen gods called.

The term is the Old Norse / Icelandic translation of, a neologism coined in the context of 19th century romantic nationalism, used by Edvard Grieg in his 1870 opera Olaf Trygvason.

( plural ), the term used to identify those who practice Ásatrú is a compound with ( Old Norse ) " man ".

A Goði or Gothi ( plural goðar ) is the historical Old Norse term for a priest and chieftain in Norse paganism.

The word aegis is identified with protection by a strong force with its roots in Greek mythology and adopted by the Romans ; there are parallels in Norse mythology and in Egyptian mythology as well, where the Greek word aegis is applied by extension.

Ægir is an Old Norse word meaning " terror " and the name of a destructive giant associated with the sea ; ægis is the genitive ( possessive ) form of ægir and has no direct relation to Greek aigis.

The exact derivation is unclear, with the Old English fiæll or feallan and the Old Norse fall all being possible candidates.