The Cuman mercenaries among the Byzantine forces immediately defected to the Turkish side ; and, seeing this, " the Western mercenaries rode off and took no part in the battle.

During the war, the Azeri armed forces were also aided by Turkish military advisers, and Russian, Ukrainian, Chechen and Afghan mercenaries.

* 1996 – Greek Cypriot refugee Solomos Solomou is murdered by Turkish forces while trying to climb a flagpole in order to remove a Turkish flag from its mast in the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus.

* 1824 – The Battle of Kos is fought between Turkish and Greek forces.

* 1826 – The 10, 500 inhabitants of the Greek town Missolonghi start leaving the town after a year's siege by Turkish forces.

During the Greco-Turkish War ( 1919-1922 ) campaign ( part of the Turkish War of Independence ) Afyon and the surrounding hills were occupied by French, Italian and then Greek forces.

The initial Bulgarian attack by First and Third Army defeated the Turkish forces, numbering some 130, 000, and reached the Sea of Marmara.

New Turkish forces landed at Bulair and Şarköy but after heavy fighting they were crushed and overthrown by the newly formed 4th Bulgarian army under the command of General Stiliyan Kovachev.

Turkish forces captured the northern part of the island.

* 1826 – French philhellene Charles Nicolas Fabvier forces his way through the Turkish cordon and ascends the Acropolis of Athens, which had been under siege.

Ottoman defeats in the war caused Mehmed III to take personal command of the army, the first sultan to do so since Suleyman I. Mehmed III's armies conquered Eger in 1596 and defeated the Habsburg and Transylvanian forces at the Battle of Keresztes ( Turkish for Battle of Hacova ) during which the Sultan had to be dissuaded from fleeing the field halfway through the battle.

* 1516 – Battle of Yaunis Khan: Turkish forces under the Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha defeat the Mameluks near Gaza.

In the United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, United States Coast Guard, and United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, as well as in all branches of the British Armed Forces, Polish Armed Forces, Canadian Forces, Turkish Armed Forces, Swedish Armed Forces, Norwegian Armed Forces, and Hellenic Armed Forces, Russian and all former Soviet republic forces, hand salutes are only given when a cover ( protection for the head, usually a hat ) is worn.

The Turkish Armed Forces ( TAF ) ( or TSK ) are the military forces of the Republic of Turkey.

The Turkish Army has its foundations in remnants of the Ottoman forces inherited after the fall of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I.

After the destruction of the Greek forces in Asia Minor and the expulsion of Ottoman sultan by the Turkish army under the command of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the Ankara-based government of the Turkish national movement i. e. Turkey, rejected the Treaty of Sèvres that was signed by the Ottoman Empire.

They were held by Turkish forces until 23 January 1919.

Turkish forces withdrew in 1918, and Imam Yahya Muhammad strengthened his control over northern Yemen creating the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.

* March 5 – Italian forces are the first to use airships for a military purpose, using them for reconnaissance west of Tripoli, Libya, behind Turkish lines.

** The Turkish large-scale attack opened against Greek forces in Afyon.

* September 9 – Turkish forces pursuing withdrawing Greek troops enter İzmir.

* October 7 – Battle of Lepanto: Spanish, Venetian, and Papal naval forces under Don John of Austria defeat the Turkish fleet of Ali Monizindade Pasha.

With the hope of capturing Caesarea Mazaca, the capital of Cappadocia, he placed himself at the head of the Turkish cavalry, crossed the Euphrates and entered and invaded the city.

In addition to many of the Greek Cypriot refugees ( a third of the population ), many Turkish Cypriots ( on whose pretext Turkey invaded ) also moved to the UK and other countries where for the past 30 years they have lived as neighbours with the Greek Cypriots.

In 1484, the Turks invaded and captured Chilia and Cetatea Albă ( Akkerman in Turkish ), and annexed the shoreline southern part of Bessarabia, which was then divided into two sanjaks ( districts ) of the Ottoman Empire.

On 20 July 1974, the Turkish army invaded the island on the pretext of restoring the constitutional order of the Republic of Cyprus.

The Turkish authorities alleged that the Duchess made a false declaration when entering the country ( in relation to her motives for visiting Turkey ), trespassed into a Turkish Government institution and also invaded the privacy of children.

In 1974 the Turkish Army invaded northern Cyprus to protect the interests of the ethnic Turkish minority, who in the following year formed the Turkish Federative State of Cyprus and in 1983 declared independence as the Republic of Northern Cyprus, recognized only by Turkey.

On July 20, 1974, the Turkish army invaded Cyprus in response to a coup d ' état carried out by EOKA B and the Greek military junta of 1967 – 1974, landing at 5-Mile point, east of Kyrenia.

Palmerston argued for immediate decisive action ; the Royal Navy should be sent to the Dardanelles to assist the Turkish navy and that Britain should inform Russia of her intention to go to war with her if she invaded the principalities.

Despite their territorial gains following the Paris Peace Conference, the Greeks still hoped to achieve the Megali Idea and annex Constantinople and larger areas of Ottoman Asia Minor ; they therefore invaded Anatolia beyond Smyrna and sought to take Ankara, with the aim of destroying the Turkish resistance led by Mustafa Kemal ( later known as Atatürk ).

When Timur invaded Asia Minor, his army of horsemen with no infantry allowed him to move fast through the Turkish Empire, destroying the Empire's defense piece by piece.

In 1658, Turkish and Tartarian troops invaded and burned it, 3000 people were taken into captivity.

However, during that year, Turkish forces invaded Cyprus in connection with a Greek-sponsored coup.

After World War I and Ottoman Empire's disintegration, it was invaded by the forces of the French Third Republic during the Turkish War of Independence.

Another crisis flared in July 1974 within the NATO alliance when Turkish forces, concerned about the long-term lack of safety for the minority Turkish community, invaded Cyprus after the Cypriot National Guard, supported by the government of Greece, overthrew President Archbishop Makarios.

The town suffered badly in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878, when Turkish troops invaded, destroyed the town and expelled the local population.

In the autumn of that year four Turkish divisions under the command of General Kâzım Karabekir invaded the Armenian Republic, triggering the Turkish-Armenian War.

On the 20th July 1974, the Turkish army invaded the island, fearing that the coup would result in Enosis, union with Greece.

However, four months after the launch, Iraq invaded Kuwait and the seven month occupation that followed had a serious effect on Turkish tourism.

The besieged Prince called for Turkish help and in September the Pashas again invaded Transylvania, forcing Forgach and Şerban to retreat, clearly establishing their claim to Transylvania.

Greek Cypriot forces invaded the Turkish Cypriot coastal enclave of Kokkina in an effort to eliminate a Turkish beachhead, resulting in almost two weeks of fighting.