The Cuman mercenaries among the Byzantine forces immediately defected to the Turkish side ; and, seeing this, " the Western mercenaries rode off and took no part in the battle.

During the war, the Azeri armed forces were also aided by Turkish military advisers, and Russian, Ukrainian, Chechen and Afghan mercenaries.

* 1996 – Greek Cypriot refugee Solomos Solomou is murdered by Turkish forces while trying to climb a flagpole in order to remove a Turkish flag from its mast in the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus.

* 1824 – The Battle of Kos is fought between Turkish and Greek forces.

* 1826 – The 10, 500 inhabitants of the Greek town Missolonghi start leaving the town after a year's siege by Turkish forces.

During the Greco-Turkish War ( 1919-1922 ) campaign ( part of the Turkish War of Independence ) Afyon and the surrounding hills were occupied by French, Italian and then Greek forces.

The initial Bulgarian attack by First and Third Army defeated the Turkish forces, numbering some 130, 000, and reached the Sea of Marmara.

New Turkish forces landed at Bulair and Şarköy but after heavy fighting they were crushed and overthrown by the newly formed 4th Bulgarian army under the command of General Stiliyan Kovachev.

Turkish forces captured the northern part of the island.

* 1826 – French philhellene Charles Nicolas Fabvier forces his way through the Turkish cordon and ascends the Acropolis of Athens, which had been under siege.

Ottoman defeats in the war caused Mehmed III to take personal command of the army, the first sultan to do so since Suleyman I. Mehmed III's armies conquered Eger in 1596 and defeated the Habsburg and Transylvanian forces at the Battle of Keresztes ( Turkish for Battle of Hacova ) during which the Sultan had to be dissuaded from fleeing the field halfway through the battle.

* 1516 – Battle of Yaunis Khan: Turkish forces under the Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha defeat the Mameluks near Gaza.

In the United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, United States Coast Guard, and United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, as well as in all branches of the British Armed Forces, Polish Armed Forces, Canadian Forces, Turkish Armed Forces, Swedish Armed Forces, Norwegian Armed Forces, and Hellenic Armed Forces, Russian and all former Soviet republic forces, hand salutes are only given when a cover ( protection for the head, usually a hat ) is worn.

The Turkish Armed Forces ( TAF ) ( or TSK ) are the military forces of the Republic of Turkey.

Turkish forces invaded the island in two waves, occupying 37 % of the island's territory in the north-east and evicting 200, 000 Greeks from their territories, in an act described by many sources as ethnic cleansing.

The Turkish Army has its foundations in remnants of the Ottoman forces inherited after the fall of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I.

After the destruction of the Greek forces in Asia Minor and the expulsion of Ottoman sultan by the Turkish army under the command of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the Ankara-based government of the Turkish national movement i. e. Turkey, rejected the Treaty of Sèvres that was signed by the Ottoman Empire.

They were held by Turkish forces until 23 January 1919.

* March 5 – Italian forces are the first to use airships for a military purpose, using them for reconnaissance west of Tripoli, Libya, behind Turkish lines.

** The Turkish large-scale attack opened against Greek forces in Afyon.

* September 9 – Turkish forces pursuing withdrawing Greek troops enter İzmir.

* October 7 – Battle of Lepanto: Spanish, Venetian, and Papal naval forces under Don John of Austria defeat the Turkish fleet of Ali Monizindade Pasha.

In September, 1898, the last of the Turkish troops withdrew from Crete.

In 1963, during the outbreak of hostilities between the Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities, following the announcement of amendments to the Cypriot Constitution, Turkish Cypriots withdrew to the northern part of Nicosia which became one of the many Turkish Cypriot enclaves which existed throughout the island.

Ruffo, supported by the Russian and Turkish ships under command of Admiral Ushakov, now marched on the capital, whence the French, except for a small force under Méjean, withdrew.

This was the first Contest in which both Greece and Turkey participated ; Greece made its debut in the Contest in 1974 in Brighton, the following year they withdrew in response to the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus, in protest of Turkey's participation in Stockholm.

The attack was beaten back by Turkish gunfire which destroyed one torpedo boat and the remaining boats withdrew, leaving the enemy ironclads intact.

In October 2010 Kusturica withdrew from the jury of Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival after being publicly criticized and accused by Turkish director Semih Kaplanoğlu and Turkish minister of culture Ertuğrul Günay over his alleged remarks and opinions about the Bosnian War.

The ninth and final Russo – Turkish war started in 1877, the same year the Ottomans withdrew from the Conference of Constantinople.

A second charge had more impact and the Turkish army disorderly withdrew.

The Turkish Cypriot seats remain vacant since 1964 when the Turkish Cypriot representatives withdrew from the House.

Turkish forces withdrew from Alexandropol afterwards Treaty of Kars.

Nazarbekov advanced as the Turkish forces withdrew from Tatvan and Mush, but he did not have the available forces to recapture Bitlis as winter approached.

A revolt took place in September 1912 and the Turkish garrison withdrew.

In 1918, the historical region of Mesopotamia ( then a province within the Ottoman Empire ) was brought under British rule after the Turkish defeat in World War I.

The territories to the south of Syria and Iraq on the Arabian Peninsula which still remained under Turkish control when the Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918 were not explicitly identified in the text of the treaty.

In 1918, Cadbury opened their first overseas factory in Hobart, Tasmania and in 1919 undertook a merger with J. S. Fry & Sons, another chocolate manufacturer, resulting in the integration of well-known brands such as Fry's Chocolate Cream and Fry's Turkish Delight ..

Small British forces had twice occupied Baku on the Caspian in 1918, while an entire British division had occupied Batum on the Black Sea, supervising German and Turkish withdrawal.

Mehmed V Reshad ( Ottoman Turkish: محمد خامس Meḥmed-i ẖâmis, or ) ( 2 / 3 November 1844 – 3 / 4 July 1918 ) was the 35th Ottoman Sultan.

Following an extended series of deceptive moves the Ottoman line was broken at the Battle of Megiddo ( 19 – 21 September 1918 ) and the Allied cavalry passed through and blocked the Turkish retreat.

Nuri headed the Arab troops who took Damascus for Faisal in the wake of the retreating Turkish forces in 1918.

His 1918 homoerotic self-portrait set in a Turkish bathhouse was likely set there.

Image: Demuth_Charles_Turkish Bath with Self Portrait_1918. jpg | Turkish Bath with Self Portrait ( 1918 )

In January 1918, General Allenby used five Australian pilots from No. 1 Squadron AFC to photograph a area in Palestine as an aid to correcting and improving maps of the Turkish front.

Also located in this region is the historic city of Sardarapat, site of the 1918 Battle of Sardarapat, a decisive event seen as not only stopping the Turkish advance into the rest of Armenia but also preventing the complete destruction of the Armenian nation.

British forces had advanced to a position at Tel Hazor against Turkish troops in 1918 and wished to incorporate all the sources of the river Jordan within the boundaries of British controlled Palestine.

The Fifth Army of the Ottoman Empire or Turkish Fifth Army was formed on March 24, 1915 and dissolved on October 1918.

Another military episode took place on April 16, 1918, when the Georgian National Guard under General-Lieutenant Giorgi Mazniashvili repelled a Turkish invasion force.

The Battle of Megiddo () also known in Turkish as the Nablus Hezimeti (" Rout of Nablus "), the Nablus Yarması (" Breakthrough at Nablus ") was fought between 19 and 25 September 1918, on the Plain of Sharon, in front of Tulkarm, Tabsor and Arara in the Judean Hills as well as on the Esdralon Plain at Nazareth, Afulah, Beisan, Jenin and Samakh.

From 1503 to 1918 and 1940 to 1941, the city was known as Akkerman (), Turkish for " white fortress ".

The province reverted to Turkish control in 1918 following the end of the war.

Of 40th Wing's actions at Wadi Fara on 21 September 1918, Williams wrote: " The Turkish Seventh Army ceased to exist and it must be noted that this was entirely the result of attack from the air.

Beşiktaş didn't enter in the Istanbul Friday and Sunday leagues, and didn't have any championships until 1918, when they won the Istanbul Turkish 1st Sports League.

In July 1918, he helped organise the Congress of the Turkish Left Socialists, held in Moscow, and in November became involved in Muskom.

The Turkish government surrendered on 30 October 1918.

The first thematic Turkish films were " The Marriage of Himmet Aga " ( 1916 – 1918 ), started by Weinberg and completed by Uzkinay, " The Paw " ( 1917 ) and " The Spy " ( 1917 ), both by Sedat Simavi.

In earlier times, the town was part of the Principality of Moldavia ( 1359 – 1812 ), although because of its fortress, at times it was in Polish, Turkish and Austrian hands, then it was part of the Bessarabia Governorate of the Russian Empire ( 1812 – 1917 ), Moldavian Democratic Republic ( 1917 – 1918 ), Romania ( 1918 – 1940, 1941 – 1944 ), and the USSR ( 1940 – 1941, 1944 – 1991 ).