When calculating the difference in voltage, one must first manipulate the half-cell reactions to obtain a balanced oxidation-reduction equation.

When calculating scattering cross sections in particle physics, the interaction between particles can be described by starting from a free field which describes the incoming and outgoing particles, and including an interaction Hamiltonian to describe how the particles deflect one another.

When calculating correlation functions instead of scattering amplitudes, there is no past and future and all the lines are internal.

When calculating the fluctuations with a perturbative

When calculating specific impulse, only propellant that is carried with the vehicle before use is counted.

When calculating the distortion, it is common to exclude the DC components.

When calculating flow to drains or flow to wells in an aquifer, the anisotropy is to be taken into account lest the resulting design of the drainage system may be faulty.

When it lands on edge – and next to a newspaper story on one of Smith's accomplishments – he chooses Smith, calculating that his wholesome image will please the people while his naïveté will make him easy to manipulate.

When calculating with SI units, the standards would be for mass, kilograms ; for radius, meters ; and for angular velocity, radians per second.

When calculating R, allowance must be made for any current through the external load, not shown in this diagram, connected across U < sub > OUT </ sub >.

When calculating counterfeit products, current estimates place the global losses at $ 400 billion.

When calculating the output of, for example, a photovoltaic panel, the angle of the sun relative to the panel needs to be taken into account as well as the insolation.

When calculating a Thévenin-equivalent voltage, the voltage divider principle is often useful, by declaring one terminal to be V < sub > out </ sub > and the other terminal to be at the ground point.

When both legs are in the same currency, this notional amount is typically not exchanged between counterparties, but is used only for calculating the size of cashflows to be exchanged.

When calculating the electromagnetic interactions of charged particles, it is tempting to ignore the back-reaction of a particle's own field on itself.

When calculating the length of a short north-south line at the equator, the sphere that best approximates that part of the spheroid has a radius of, or 6, 335. 439 km, while the spheroid at the poles is best approximated by a sphere of radius, or 6, 399. 594 km, a 1 % difference.

When calculating probabilities for a card game such as Texas Hold ' em, there are two basic approaches.

When calculating the radiance emitted by a source, A refers to an area on the surface of the source, and Ω to the solid angle into which the light is emitted.

When calculating radiance at a detector, A refers to an area on the surface of the detector and Ω to the solid angle subtended by the source as viewed from that detector.

When the bottle is empty, Ringo places a love poem by Hafez inside it, and casts it into the Seine, calculating that one day it will reach American shores.

* When calculating the year in the game with the beginning of NC, in the game EV Nova, the year is 3955 ( It could be possible that the date of the game was influenced by the Planet of the Apes film series ).

When all the measuring, comparing, and calculating are done, some type of final control element must implement the strategy selected by the controller.

When calculating or estimating data throughputs, the details of the frame / cell / packet format and the technology's detailed implementation need to be understood.

When calculating multiples over different time periods ( e. g. historic multiples vs forward multiples ) EV should be adjusted to reflect the weighted average invested capital of the company in each period.

When back in Rome, Caesar deposited a new will with the Vestal Virgins, naming Octavius as the prime beneficiary.

When the railway opened to Fort William on 7 August 1894, the station was given prime position at the south end of the town.

When acting as Lord of Mann, the Queen acts on the advice of the Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom having prime responsibility as Privy Counsellor for Manx affairs.

When they are both large, for instance more than 2000 bits long, randomly chosen, and about the same size ( but not too close, e. g. to avoid efficient factorization by Fermat's factorization method ), even the fastest prime factorization algorithms on the fastest computers can take enough time to make the search impractical ; that is, as the number of digits of the primes being factored increases, the number of operations required to perform the factorization on any computer increases drastically.

When Napoleon rose to power in 1799, there was no ancient base from which to draw his staff, and he had to choose the people he thought best for the job, including officers from his army, revolutionaries who had been in the National Assembly, and even some former aristocrats such as prime minister Talleyrand.

When the National Assembly is controlled by his opponents, however, the president can find himself marginalized with the opposition party prime minister exercising most of the power.

When defeated in an election, or on resigning, the prime minister is said to " hand in the commission " and actually does so by returning it to the governor-general.

* When Joseph Lyons, prime minister and leader of the United Australia Party ( UAP ), died suddenly in April 1939, the governor-general, Lord Gowrie, called on Sir Earle Page to become caretaker prime minister.

When his attempt to secure confirmation of Gaidar as prime minister was rejected, Yeltsin appointed Viktor Chernomyrdin, whom the parliament approved because he was viewed as more economically conservative than Gaidar.

When the Labour government took over after the general election in May 1997, the new transport secretary ( and deputy prime minister ) John Prescott took a much harder line.

When Giscard became president, he nominated Chirac as prime minister on 27 May 1974, in order to reconcile the " Giscardian " and " non-Giscardian " factions of the parliamentary majority.

When the RPR / UDF right-wing coalition won a slight majority in the National Assembly in the 1986 election, Mitterrand ( PS ) appointed Chirac prime minister ( though many in Mitterrand's inner circle lobbied him to choose Jacques Chaban-Delmas instead ).

When the positive integers are arrayed along the Ulam spiral, prime numbers, represented by dots, tend to collect along diagonal lines.

When Éamon de Valera became President of the Executive Council ( prime minister ) in 1932 he described Cosgrave's ministers ' achievements simply.

When available, however, the prime should be used instead ( e. g., 5 ′ 6 ″, and 40 ° 20 ′ 50 ″).

When a cabinet falls, the prime minister has to request the Queen to dismiss the cabinet.

When, on 6 December 1922, the Irish Free State came into being, Cosgrave became its first prime minister, called President of the Executive Council.

When Fox moved The Simpsons to prime time on Thursdays against NBC's top-rated The Cosby Show, the writing staff decided to make Hibbert a parody of Bill Cosby's character Dr. Cliff Huxtable.

When Abby Rockefeller's son Nelson was selected by the board of trustees to become its flamboyant president in 1939, at the age of thirty, he became the prime instigator and funder of its publicity, acquisitions and subsequent expansion into new headquarters on 53rd Street.

When his predecessor became prime minister in January 2006, former city manager Gombosuren Monkhbayar was elected mayor.

When the Apollo 8 mission was changed from a CSM / LM in Earth orbit, to a CSM-only flight around the Moon, both prime and backup crews for the Apollo 8 and Apollo 9 swapped places.

When the hit TV show Home Improvement was about to be sold into syndication, the producers decided to kick off the syndicated run with a brand new episode not shown on prime time.

When the Calumet Expressway was built in the late 1950s, the Strassburg area was seen as a prime real estate development.

When p is prime, GL ( n, p ) is the outer automorphism group of the group Z, and also the automorphism group, because Z is Abelian, so the inner automorphism group is trivial.