When calculating the difference in voltage, one must first manipulate the half-cell reactions to obtain a balanced oxidation-reduction equation.

When calculating scattering cross sections in particle physics, the interaction between particles can be described by starting from a free field which describes the incoming and outgoing particles, and including an interaction Hamiltonian to describe how the particles deflect one another.

When calculating correlation functions instead of scattering amplitudes, there is no past and future and all the lines are internal.

When calculating the fluctuations with a perturbative

When calculating specific impulse, only propellant that is carried with the vehicle before use is counted.

When calculating the distortion, it is common to exclude the DC components.

When calculating flow to drains or flow to wells in an aquifer, the anisotropy is to be taken into account lest the resulting design of the drainage system may be faulty.

When it lands on edge – and next to a newspaper story on one of Smith's accomplishments – he chooses Smith, calculating that his wholesome image will please the people while his naïveté will make him easy to manipulate.

When calculating with SI units, the standards would be for mass, kilograms ; for radius, meters ; and for angular velocity, radians per second.

When calculating R, allowance must be made for any current through the external load, not shown in this diagram, connected across U < sub > OUT </ sub >.

When calculating counterfeit products, current estimates place the global losses at $ 400 billion.

When calculating the output of, for example, a photovoltaic panel, the angle of the sun relative to the panel needs to be taken into account as well as the insolation.

When calculating a Thévenin-equivalent voltage, the voltage divider principle is often useful, by declaring one terminal to be V < sub > out </ sub > and the other terminal to be at the ground point.

When both legs are in the same currency, this notional amount is typically not exchanged between counterparties, but is used only for calculating the size of cashflows to be exchanged.

When calculating the electromagnetic interactions of charged particles, it is tempting to ignore the back-reaction of a particle's own field on itself.

When calculating the length of a short north-south line at the equator, the sphere that best approximates that part of the spheroid has a radius of, or 6, 335. 439 km, while the spheroid at the poles is best approximated by a sphere of radius, or 6, 399. 594 km, a 1 % difference.

When calculating the radiance emitted by a source, A refers to an area on the surface of the source, and Ω to the solid angle into which the light is emitted.

When calculating radiance at a detector, A refers to an area on the surface of the detector and Ω to the solid angle subtended by the source as viewed from that detector.

When the bottle is empty, Ringo places a love poem by Hafez inside it, and casts it into the Seine, calculating that one day it will reach American shores.

* When calculating the year in the game with the beginning of NC, in the game EV Nova, the year is 3955 ( It could be possible that the date of the game was influenced by the Planet of the Apes film series ).

When all the measuring, comparing, and calculating are done, some type of final control element must implement the strategy selected by the controller.

When calculating the prime, a separate point scale is used.

When calculating or estimating data throughputs, the details of the frame / cell / packet format and the technology's detailed implementation need to be understood.

When calculating multiples over different time periods ( e. g. historic multiples vs forward multiples ) EV should be adjusted to reflect the weighted average invested capital of the company in each period.

When dealing with experiments that are random and well-defined in a purely theoretical setting ( like tossing a fair coin ), probabilities describe the statistical number of outcomes considered divided by the number of all outcomes ( tossing a fair coin twice will yield HH with probability 1 / 4, because the four outcomes HH, HT, TH and TT are possible ).

When all the probabilities ρ < sub > i </ sub > ( rho ) are equal, I is maximal, and we have minimal information about the system.

When fault trees are labeled with actual numbers about failure probabilities ( which are often in practice unavailable because of the expense of testing ), computer programs can calculate failure probabilities from fault trees.

When events are independent of each other, the probability of all of the events occurring is equal to a product of the probabilities of each of the events occurring.

When the R matrix obeys detailed balance, the scale of the probabilities can be redefined using the stationary distribution so that they no longer sum to 1:

When the number of observations is relatively small, Chebychev's inequality can be used for an upper bound on probabilities, regardless of any assumptions about the distribution of experimental errors: the maximum probabilities that a parameter will be more than 1, 2 or 3 standard deviations away from its expectation value are 100 %, 25 % and 11 % respectively.

When m is small relative to n, such an instance will likely be satisfiable, but larger values of m have smaller probabilities of being satisfiable.

When both sides have been divided by the expression on the left, so that the sum is 1, then the terms of the sum may be interpreted as probabilities.

However, further analysis of the bias has shown that both forms occur: When judging from description people tend to overestimate the described probability, so this effect taken alone would indicate that reading the extinction scenarios described here should make the reader overestimate the likelihood of any probabilities given.

When an individual being tested has a different pre-test probability of having a condition than the control groups used to establish the PPV and NPV, the PPV and NPV are generally distinguished from the positive and negative post-test probabilities, with the PPV and NPV referring to the ones established by the control groups, and the post-test probabilities referring to the ones for the tested individual ( as estimated, for example, by likelihood ratios ).

When the government has limited an individual's right, there is an onus upon the crown to show, on the balance of probabilities, firstly, that the limitation was prescribed by law namely, that the law is attuned to the values of accessibility and intelligibility ; and secondly, that it is justified in a free and democratic society, which means that it must have a justifiable purpose and must be proportional.

When the probabilities are reversed, running reinforces drinking.

:* When dealing with personal probability assessments, or supposed probabilities derived in nonstandard ways, it is a property of self-consistency across a whole set of such assessments.

When I went for my interview with the director I saw why.

When she appeared at the store to help out for a few hours even my looking at her was surreptitious lest my Uncle notice it.

When we opened the door again for business and switched on the lights she said:

When she would do these things, he would turn blind for an instant and become sick at his stomach.

When I mentioned that for my first long voyage I did not even have the money for the return fare, but had trusted to luck that I would earn a sufficient amount, the young people looked at me doubtingly.

When it comes to this, I shall prefer emigrating to some country where they make no pretence of loving liberty -- to Russia, for instance, where despotism can be taken pure, without the base alloy of hypocrisy '' ( His emphasis )

When Heidegger and Sartre speak of a contrast between being and existence, they may be right, I don't know, but their language is too philosophical for me.

When these had been pocketed, we could still spend a morning cracking open other pebbles for our delight in seeing how much prettier they were inside than their dull exteriors indicated.

When I try to work out my reasons for feeling that this passage is of critical significance, I come up with the following ideas, which I shall express very briefly here and revert to in a later essay.

When words can be used in a more fresh and primitive way so that they strike with the force of sights and sounds, when tones of sound and colors of paint and the carven shape all strike the sensibilities with an undeniable force of data in and of themselves, compelling the observer into an attitude of attention, all this imitates the way experience itself in its deepest character strikes upon the door of consciousness and clamors for entrance.

When Peter B. Kyne ( Pride Of Palomar, 43 ) informed us in 1921 that we had an instinctive dislike for the Japanese, did the heated debates of the Californians settle the truth or falsity of the proposition??

When some question arises in the medical field concerning cancer, for instance, we do not turn to free and open discussion as in a political campaign.

When he remembered that he might have not signed the check, Mercer made out another for the same amount, instructing the bank to destroy the other -- especially if he had happened to have absent-mindedly signed both of them.

When the family business failed, Mercer left school and on his mother's urging -- for she hoped that he would become an actor -- he joined a local little theater group.

When he heard that Paul Whiteman was looking for singers to replace the Rhythm Boys, Mercer applied and got the job, `` not for my voice, I'm sure, but because I could write songs and material generally ''.

Besides doing a single song, `` When The Sun Comes Out '', they worked on the ambitious American-Negro Suite, for voices and piano, as well as songs for films.

When we consider the disorganized state of the world community, and the legacy of predispositions adversely directed against all who are identified as Jews, it is obvious that the struggle for the minds and muscles of men needs to be prosecuted with increasing vigor and skill.

When McPherson pushed blindly through Snake Creek Gap in a potentially decisive movement, the only cavalry in his van was the Ninth Illinois Mounted Infantry, totally inadequate for its role.

When they were first written, there was evidently no thought of their being published, and those which refer to the writer's love for Mrs. Meynell particularly have the ring of truth.

When a lady chanced to soil a pair of evening slippers, Brigadier Bauer was dispatched to Paris for replacements.

When we went for our walks Lilly's brother would come along every once in a while.

When the United States entered the First World War Baker made certain that the Draft Act of 1917 prohibited the sale of liquor to men in uniform and that it provided for broad zones around the camps in which prostitution was outlawed.