Until the early 19th century Africans were captured, kidnapped, and forced into slavery to work on plantations when sugarcane became the most important export of the island.

Until December 1865 slavery was legal in parts of the United States.

Until the abolition of slavery in the British Empire, sugar planters relied very heavily on slave labour to produce sugar.

`` Until this Hungarian Committee matter came up, Bang-Jensen was a fine and devoted individual.

Until the last year or so the profession of friendship with the United States had been an article of faith with Trujillo, and altogether too often this profession was accepted here as evidence of his good character.

Until I was transferred into the Seventh Ulanys I was like every other Pole in my feeling about Jews.

Until 1958 the state was also entitled to a special type of manufacturers' discount through the dealers.

Until the Charter of Liberties was issued in the fall of 1958, there were no guarantees of the right to assemble or to organize for political purposes.

Until a few weeks ago, however, Arnold Palmer was some god-like creature who had nothing in common with the duffers.

Until the 20th century, the term asphaltum was also used.

Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or sciences, but in modern usage the fine arts, where aesthetic considerations are paramount, are distinguished from acquired skills in general, and the decorative or applied arts.

Until the late 19th century, the axiom of choice was often used implicitly, although it had not yet been formally stated.

Until he was four years old, van Vogt and his family spoke only a dialect of Low German in the home.

Until these experiments, atomic number was not known to be a physical and experimental quantity.

Until independence, Armenia's economy was based largely on industry — chemicals, electronic products, machinery, processed food, synthetic rubber and textiles ; it was highly dependent on outside resources.

Until modern times there was no clear distinction between the architect and engineer.

Until the dissolution of Holy Roman Empire and mediatization of smaller imperial fiefs by Napoleon, the evangelical Abbess of Quedlinburg was also per officio the head of that reichsunmittelbar state.

Until 1800, Abensberg was a municipality belonging to the Straubing district of the Electorate of Bavaria.

Until 1953, it was known as the New York Curb Exchange.

Until Fath Ali Shah's death in 1834, the Imam Hasan Ali Shah enjoyed a quiet life and was held in high esteem at the Qajar court.

Until then, the song was sung in Australia as a patriotic song.

Until 1939 iron ore was mined on the Braunenberg hill.

Until the late 19th century the only available propellant was black powder.

" Until this time IP address registration in the ARIN region was done by a department within the Network Solutions corporation, which provided the initial staff and computer infrastructure for ARIN.

Until the 1970s there was considerable debate within psychiatry on the most appropriate term to use to describe the new drugs.

Until the establishment of the prison, the area was entirely dependent on agriculture, and, after the close of the prison, the town continued economically dependent on agriculture.

Until abolished ( in the Ordinary Form but not in the Extraordinary Form ) by Pope Paul VI's apostolic letter Ministeria quædam of 15 August 1972, the subdiaconate was the lowest of the major orders of the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church.

Until 8 January 2010, the Director of the Royal Institution was Baroness ( Susan ) Greenfield, but following a review, the position was abolished for being " no longer affordable ".

Until 1994, the group had the position of a national monopoly for production and distribution, but this was abolished when Sweden joined the European Union in 1995.

Until 1979, when the Canal Zone as a solely United States territory was abolished under the terms of the Panama Canal Treaties, the town of Balboa was the administrative center of the Canal Zone ( and remained so until mid-day of December 31, 1999, by which time, according to the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, the Panama Canal and all its assets, territories, etc., would be fully turned over to Panama and the Panamanian government, to be run however the Panamanian government fit and deems fit ).

Until 1969, 48 were from territorial constituencies and 4 were for graduates of The Queen's University of Belfast ; in that year the QUB seats were abolished and four extra territorial constituencies created on the outskirts of Belfast where the population had grown.

Until 1891, it was the lower house in a bicameral legislature when its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished.

Until August 1997, the government which the Taliban had ousted, which remained in rebellion until the end of the Taliban in 2001, had a Prime Minister in the government, but the position was abolished.

Until 1946, when the Legislative Reorganization Act abolished both the House and Senate Committees on Indian Affairs, the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs had been in existence since the early 19th century.

Until recently there were also ' temporary sheriffs ' who were appointed by the executive year by year and only sat for particular days by invitation ; this class of sheriff was abolished as being inconsistent with judicial independence following the decision of the High Court of Justiciary in Starrs v Ruxton.

Until divisions were abolished as part of local government reforms in 2000 it was part of Peshawar Division.

Until, in the end, the limit law, after having proved destructive to many people, was from mere necessity abolished.

Until this rank was abolished with the ascension of King Muyeol in 654, only those holding sacred bone rank were permitted to assume the throne.

Until the Shire of Tingalpa was abolished in 1949, Mount Cotton hosted its council chambers.

Until abolished in 1993, the Rural City of Bellarine council seat was in Drysdale.

Until local government reorganisation in the 1970s, it was defined as consisting of Taunton borough, Wellington Urban District, Wiveliscombe Urban District ( until that was abolished ) and the Dulverton, Taunton and Wellington rural districts.

Until divisions were abolished in the year 2000, Sargodha was the divisional headquarters of Sargodha Division.

Until it was abolished for the 2010 general election, it elected one Member of Parliament ( MP ) by the first past the post system of election.

Until Scottish counties were abolished, for most purposes, in 1975, the constituency represented the county of Argyll, except that constituency boundaries may not have coincided at all times with county boundaries, and any parliamentary burgh within the county would have been outside the constituency.

It is also the name of a ward of the County Borough of Wrexham Until 1974 the valley was part of the traditional county of Denbighshire ; then it became part of the short-lived county of Clwyd, which was abolished in 1996.

Until 1969, Zell was the district seat of the now abolished district of the same name.