As an emergency measure, John recreated a version of Henry II's Assize of Arms, with each shire creating a structure to mobilise local levies.

It was the difficulty in using the longbow which led various monarchs of England to issue instructions encouraging their ownership and practice, including the Assize of Arms of 1252 and King Edward III's declaration of 1363: " Whereas the people of our realm, rich and poor alike, were accustomed formerly in their games to practise archery – whence by God's help, it is well known that high honour and profit came to our realm, and no small advantage to ourselves in our warlike enterprises ... that every man in the same country, if he be able-bodied, shall, upon holidays, make use, in his games, of bows and arrows ... and so learn and practise archery.

During the reign of Henry III the Assize of Arms of 1252 required that all " citizens, burgesses, free tenants, villeins and others from 15 to 60 years of age " should be armed.

The no longer applicable right to keep and bear arms had originated in England during the reign of Henry II with the 1181 Assize of Arms, and developed as part of Common Law.

Charles Moore Watson ( 1844 – 1916 ) proposes an alternate etymology: The Assize of Weights and Measures ( also known as Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris ), one of the statutes of uncertain date from the reign of either Henry III or Edward I, thus before 1307, specifies " troni ponderacionem "— which the Public Record Commissioners translates as " troy weight ".

The Assize of Clarendon was an 1166 act of Henry II of England that began the transformation of English law from such systems for deciding the prevailing party in a case as trial by ordeal or trial by battle to an evidentiary model, in which evidence and inspection was made by laymen.

The Assize takes its name from Clarendon Palace, Wiltshire, the royal hunting lodge at which it was promulgated.

Henry II also instituted the Assize of Clarendon in 1166, which allowed for jury trials and reduced the number of trials by combat.

This practice and others eventually lead to the famous regulation known as Assize of Bread and Ale, which prescribed harsh penalties for bakers that were found cheating their clients or customers.

They could try and decide many serious crimes, including treason and murder, which normally could only be heard and determined in a Court of Assize, and in view of the special powers of the liberty justices, a Judge of Assize had no power to act in the Soke of Peterborough.

The last commission gave to the justices of the liberty, power to enquire more fully "... by the oath of good and lawful men of the Liberty of Peterborough, by whom the truth of the matter may be better known and by other ways, means and methods by which they shall or better know, of the treasons ... insurrections ... rebellions, counterfeitings, clippings, wastings, false comings ... murders, felonies, manslaughters ... and many other grave offences mentioned therein which in other counties are only triable by a Judge of Assize, and the Justices are commanded at days appointed for this purpose to make diligent enquiries into and to hear and determine the above mentioned offences.

The centralised English customs system can be traced to the Winchester Assize of 1203-4, in the reign of King John, from which time customs were to be collected and paid to the State Treasury.

* Review of the Statutes and Ordinances of Assize which have been established in England from the 4th year of King John, 1202, to the 37th of his present Majesty ( London, 1801 ), a work of some historical research.

The Crown Court is a permanent unitary court across England and Wales, whereas the Assizes were periodic local courts heard before judges of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court, who travelled across the seven circuits into which England and Wales were divided, assembling juries in the Assize Towns and hearing cases.

To the original list of 50, 000 records, these additions come as a windfall, arising from the availability of previously closed archival resources and the re-examination of conventional transportation records such as Assize Court records, Circuit Court records, and the quaintly-named Sheriffs ' Cravings, to which can be added newspapers and printed memoirs.

Adam Hepburn of Dunsyre is one of the several illustrious jurors on an Assize, 5 March 1470 / 1, which acquitted Andrew Ker of Cessford of aiding and abetting James Douglas, 3rd Earl of Angus " traitor from England within Scotland ", for his association with Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd after he was declared a rebel, and other accusations, all of which Ker had denied.

*, serious felonies, which are heard by the Assize Court ()

They have more of a prosecution role than before the French Revolution, especially in the Assize Courts, in which people accused of felonies are tried.

Water Orton was first documented in an Assize Roll of 1262 as ' Overton ' which means farm by the bank or edge.

In the Assize of Clarendon, enacted in 1166 and the first great legislative act in the reign of the English Angevin King Henry II, the law of the land required that: " anyone, who shall be found, on the oath of the aforesaid jury, to be accused or notoriously suspect of having been a robber or murderer or thief, or a receiver of them ... be taken and put to the ordeal of water.

Coat of arms of the kingdom of Jerusalem. The Assise sur la ligece ( roughly, " Assize on liege-homage ") is an important piece of legislation passed by the Haute Cour of Jerusalem, the feudal court of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, in an unknown year, but probably in the 1170s under Amalric I of Jerusalem.

The English royal castles also became used as gaols – the Assize of Clarendon in 1166 insisted that royal sheriffs establish their own gaols and, in the coming years, county gaols were placed in all the shrieval royal castles.

Henry II also introduced what is now known as the " grand jury " through his Assize of Clarendon.

* January – The Assize of Northampton is enacted.

* The Assize of Clarendon is enacted in England.

Angoulême is the seat of a bishop, a prefect, and an Assize court.

This is partly because until 1835 Lancaster Castle was the only Assize Court in the entire county and covered rapidly growing industrial centres including Manchester and Liverpool.

Keble's feast day is kept on 14 July ( the anniversary of his Assize Sermon ) in the Church of England, and on 29 March ( the anniversary of his death ) elsewhere in the Anglican Communion.

The term is believed to have originated in the 19th century, and is possibly derived from the Home Circuit of the itinerant Assize Court.

His last work, from a design by Bunbury, is entitled Interior of a Barber's Shop in Assize Time, and is dated 1811.

The first mention of the name Pensans is in the Assize Roll of 1284, and the first mention of the actual church that gave Penzance its name, is from a manuscript written by William Borlase in 1750:

At the western end of the castle is an ivy clad building built in 1826 as the Assize courts.

" This ordinance is usually known as the Assize of Measures or the Assize of Cloth.

The Assize of Northampton, largely based on the Assize of Clarendon of 1166, is among a series of measures taken by King Henry II of England that solidified the rights of the knightly tenants and made all possession of land subject to and guaranteed by royal law.

The Assize of Northampton is also the first official document to contain information on the possessory assizes of mort d ' ancestor and novel disseisin.

* killed the Chancellor, Treasurer ( this office is now in commission ), one of the King's Justices ( either of the King's Bench or the Common Pleas ), a Justice in Eyre, an Assize judge, and " all other Justices ," while they are performing their offices.

The Black Assize is a name given to multiple deaths in the city of Oxford in England between July 6 and August 12, 1577.

" " Keeping the pleas " was an administrative task, while " holding the pleas " was a judicial one that was not assigned to the locally resident coroner but left to judges who traveled around the country holding Assize Courts.

The oldest known source for the expression " baker's dozen " dates to the 13th century in one of the earliest English statutes, instituted during the reign of Henry III ( 1216 – 1272 ), called the Assize of Bread and Ale.

At one time the county Assize Courts were held in Little Brickhill, making it adversely larger than nearby Great Brickhill.

Harold Cooke Gutteridge observed that " at least two of the most experienced Clerks of Assize of the period regarded his as one of the best criminal judges of his generation.