It also introduces the concept of a Delphi pool, perhaps derived from the RAND Corporation's Delphi method-a futures market on world events which bears close resemblance to DARPA's controversial and cancelled Policy Analysis Market.

The RAND Corporation's Arc project, developed in concert with Suisman Urban Design, is a sweeping infrastructure plan for a prospective Palestinian state.

Khalilzad also currently serves as a Counselor at the Center for Strategic International Studies ( CSIS ) and sits on the Boards of the National Endowment for Democracy ( NED ), America Abroad Media ( AAM ), the RAND Corporation's Middle East Studies Center, the American University of Iraq in Suleymania ( AUIS ), and the American University of Afghanistan ( AUAF ).

While they were more reliable and faster than the Williams tube, that cost and the lack of availability, meant they were used only in one computer: the RAND Corporation's JOHNNIAC.

He produced one of the second large collections of random digits ( 100, 000 in total, over twice as many as those published by L. H. C. Tippett in 1927 ), which was a commonly used tract until the publication of RAND Corporation's A Million Random Digits with 100, 000 Normal Deviates in 1955 ( which was developed with a roulette wheel-like machine very similar to Kendall's and verified as " random " using his statistical tests ).

** Paul Baran, On Distributed Communications: I Introduction to Distributed Communications Network ( RAND Memorandum RM-3420-PR.

* Lowry, Ira S. A Model of Metropolis RAND Memorandum 4025-RC, 1964.

According to a survey conducted by the RAND Corporation, the cost of producing a barrel of oil at a surface retorting complex in the United States ( comprising a mine, retorting plant, upgrading plant, supporting utilities, and spent shale reclamation ), would range between US $ 70 – 95 ($ 440 – 600 / m < sup > 3 </ sup >, adjusted to 2005 values ).

Assuming an increase in output of during each year after the start of commercial production, RAND predicts the costs would decline to $ 35 – 48 per barrel ($ 220 – 300 / m < sup > 3 </ sup >) within 12 years.

" While at RAND, Khalilzad also had a brief stint consulting for Cambridge Energy Research Associates, which at the time was conducting a risk analysis for Unocal, now part of Chevron, for a proposed 1, 400 km ( 890 mile ), $ 2-billion, 622 m³ / s ( 22, 000 ft³ / s ) Trans-Afghanistan gas pipeline project which would have extended from Turkmenistan to Afghanistan and further proceeding to Pakistan.

The CSNET project had three primary components: an email relaying service ( Delaware and RAND ), a name service ( Wisconsin ), and TCP / IP-over-X. 25 tunnelling technology ( Purdue ).

Initial access was with email relaying, through gateways at Delaware and RAND, over dial-up telephone or X. 29 / X. 25 terminal emulation.

In the mid-1970s, a single programmer at RAND Corporation, working from publicly available documentation, wrote a fully functional PL / S compiler.

According to a survey conducted by the RAND Corporation, the cost of producing a barrel of oil at a surface retorting complex in the United States ( comprising a mine, retorting plant, upgrading plant, supporting utilities, and spent shale reclamation ), would range between US $ 70 – 95 ($ 440 – 600 / m < sup > 3 </ sup >, adjusted to 2005 values ).

In an internally circulated memorandum at the RAND Corporation, Brodie compared his no cities / withhold plan to coitus interruptus, while the SAC plan was like " going all the way ".

More generally, such security breaches were discussed at length in a RAND Corporation task force report published under ARPA sponsorship by J. P. Anderson and D. J.

This first SIOP was extensively revised by a team at the RAND Corporation to become SIOP-62, describing a massive strike with the entire US arsenal of 3, 200 warheads against the USSR, China and Soviet-aligned states.

The Meta Data Repository-created by the non-profit RAND Corporation and sponsored by the National Institute on Aging at the National Institutes of Health-provides access to meta data for these questions as well as links to obtain respondent data from the originating surveys.

Some of the most referenced organizations, who offer evidence on the existence of racial profiling, noted are The American Civil Liberties Union, which has conducted studies various major U. S. cities, and RAND.

In May, 1946, Project RAND had released the Preliminary Design of an Experimental World-Circling Spaceship, which stated, " A satellite vehicle with appropriate instrumentation can be expected to be one of the most potent scientific tools of the Twentieth Century.

The term think tank itself, however, originally referred to organizations that offered military advice — most notably the RAND Corporation, founded originally in 1946 as an offshoot of Douglas Aircraft, and which became an independent corporation in 1948.

As part of collection of studies conducted under the auspices of the RAND Corporation ’ s Center for Middle East Public Policy, the Palestinian Arc study has by far received the most notoriety and broad acceptance from Palestinians, Israelis, Europeans, Americans, and across the Middle East.

Microsoft. NET " Framework " architecture is essentially " Middleware " with typical middleware functions distributed between the various products, with most inter-computer interaction by industry standards, open APIs or RAND software licence.

; Passive tablets: Passive tablets, most notably those by Wacom, make use of electromagnetic induction technology, where the horizontal and vertical wires of the tablet operate as both transmitting and receiving coils ( as opposed to the wires of the RAND Tablet which only transmit ).

Douglas Aircraft built the equipment, implementing Cecil Hasting ’ s suggestion ( RAND P-113 ) for a noise source ( most likely the well known behavior of the 6D4 miniature gas thyratron tube, when placed in a magnetic field ).

One of the most common rules is that a patent that applies to the standard must be adopted on " reasonable and non-discriminatory terms " ( RAND ) or on " fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory terms " ( FRAND ).

The most controversial issue in RAND licensing is whether the " reasonable " license price should include the value contributed by the standard-setting organization's decision to adopt the standard.

Newhouse, summarizing the RAND HIE in 2004, wrote " For most people enrolled in the RAND experiment, who were typical of Americans covered by employment-based insurance, the variation in use across the plans appeared to have minimal to no effects on health status.

* " Evidence from the RAND Experiment indicates that most of the expenditure-reducing effects of health-plan deductibles occur at low levels of deductibles.

Thus their definition of " liberal " includes the RAND Corporation, a nonprofit research organization with strong ties to the Defense Department.

A follow-up two-day workshop at RAND studied what vulnerabilities the Warsaw Pact might have to NATO airpower, which was followed by a series of additional studies that clearly demonstrated their reliance on the continued movement of supplies.

The RAND Corp. programmer made the mistake of using documentation marked as " For IBM Internal Use Only " for their development, which they did not have permission to use for this purpose, and IBM threatened to sue them, so they never offered the product for sale.

The RAND Health Insurance Experiment ( RAND HIE ) was an experimental study of health care costs, utilization and outcomes in the United States, which assigned people randomly to different kinds of plans and followed their behavior, from 1974 to 1982.

As director of the computer science division at RAND, Uncapher pioneered work on the technology of packet switching, in which digital messages are broken into small packets, sent over a network and reassembled at their destination.

The Institute was founded in 1972, when packet switching pioneer Keith Uncapher left RAND Corporation with backing from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.

MetaComCo also represented LISP and REDUCE software from the RAND Corporation.

The results of a long run from the RAND machine, carefully filtered and tested, were converted into a table, which was published in 1955 in the book A Million Random Digits with 100, 000 Normal Deviates.

RAND strategist Herman Kahn, collaborating with risk analyst Ian Harold Brown, proposed a " Doomsday Machine " in the 1950s that would consist of a computer linked to a stockpile of hydrogen bombs, programmed to detonate them all and bathe the planet in nuclear fallout at the signal of an impending nuclear attack from another nation.

In 1945, Arnold directed the founding of Project RAND ( which became the RAND Corporation, a non-profit think tank ) with $ 10, 000, 000 of funding leftover from World War II.

According to a 1980 Time Magazine article citing analysts from RAND Corporation, allegedly Soviet non-Slavs, including Jews, Armenians, and Asians were generally barred from senior ranks and from joining elite or strategic positions in the Air Force, Strategic Rocket Forces, and the Soviet Navy because of doubts regarding the loyalty of ethnic minorities.

) The task force published 15 copies ; the think-tank RAND Corp received two of the copies from Gelb, Halperin, and Paul Warnke, with access granted if at least two of the three approved.

He had worked as an aide to McNaughton from 1964 to 1965, had worked on the study for several months in 1967, and in 1969 Gelb and Halperin approved his access to the work at RAND.

In 1977, Jim Gillogly of the RAND Corporation spent several weeks porting the code from FORTRAN to C under Unix, with the agreement of both Woods and Crowther.

* RAND publications on the Delphi Method Downloadable documents from RAND concerning applications of the Delphi Technique.

According to a 1980 TIME Magazine article citing analysts from RAND Corporation, Soviet non-Slavs were generally barred from joining the Strategic Rocket Forces because of suspicions of loyalty of ethnic minorities to the Kremlin.

Studies carried out from the 1990s through 2011 by researchers from Columbia U, Computing Research Association ( CRA ), Duke U, Georgetown U, Harvard U, National Research Council of the NAS, RAND Corporation, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rutgers U, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Stanford U, SUNY Buffalo, UC Davis, UPenn Wharton School, Urban Institute, and US Dept.

The first management team consisted of Landweber ( University of Wisconsin ), Farber ( University of Delaware ), Peter J. Denning ( Purdue University ), Anthony Hearn ( RAND Corporation ), and Bill Kern from the NSF.

( Rather, they are generated from the RAND tables, used as a source of " nothing up my sleeve numbers ".