On May 9 – 10, 1860, the Illinois Republican State Convention was held in Decatur.

* 1860 – The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints — later renamed Community of Christ — is organized by Joseph Smith III and others at Amboy, Illinois

* 1805 – Joseph Locke, English railway and civil engineer ( d. 1860 )

* 1860 – Annie Oakley, American target shooter ( d. 1926 )

* 1860 – The Second Maori War begins in New Zealand.

* 1860 – William Kennedy Dickson, France-Scottish actor, director, and inventor ( d. 1935 )

* 1860 – Alan Leo, English astrologer ( d. 1917 )

* 1860 – Henrietta Vinton Davis, American writer and public speaker ( d. 1941 )

* 1860 – Florence Harding, American publisher, 31st First Lady of the United States ( d. 1924 )

* 1860 – Jules Laforgue, French poet ( d. 1887 )

* 1860 – Martin Hawke, 7th Baron Hawke, England cricketer ( d. 1938 )

* 1860 – Klara Hitler, Austrian mother of Adolf Hitler ( d. 1907 )

" The Transubstantiation of a Poor White ", in Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward the History of the Part Which Black People Have Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860 – 1880 ( 1935 ).

Unionism and Reconstruction in Tennessee, 1860 – 1869 ( 1934 ) online edition

* 1789 – Stéphanie de Beauharnais, French wife of Charles, Grand Duke of Baden ( d. 1860 )

* 1860 – On his phonautograph machine, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice.

* 1860 – Isaac Levitan, Russian painter ( d. 1900 )

* 1860 – The first Pony Express rider reaches Sacramento, California.

* 1860 – Charles XV of Sweden of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway in Trondheim.

Historians identify several waves of migration to the United States: one from 1815 – 1860, in which some five million English, Irish, Germanic, Scandinavian, and others from northwestern Europe came to the United States ; one from 1865 – 1890, in which some 10 million immigrants, also mainly from northwestern Europe, settled, and a third from 1890 – 1914, in which 15 million immigrants, mainly from central, eastern, and southern Europe ( many Austrian, Hungarian, Turkish, Lithuanian, Russian, Jewish, Greek, Italian, and Romanian ) settled in the United States.

* 1860 – Ottó Bláthy, Hungarian engineer and inventor ( d. 1939 )

* 1860 – The first successful United States Pony Express run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California begins.

* 1860 – Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Indian singer and composer ( d. 1936 )

In addition the philosopher Schopenhauer ( 1788 – 1860 ) ( The World as Will and Idea, 1819 ) called into question the previous optimism, and his ideas had an important influence on later thinkers, including Nietzsche.

The school became a full college of the university in 1994, and was named in honor of the foundation and the foundation's own namesake Will Keith Kellogg ( 1860 – 1951 ), the American breakfast cereal magnate.

Although English publications about Schopenhauer played a role in the recognition of his fame as a philosopher in later life ( 1851 until his death in 1860 ) and a three volume translation by R. B. Haldane and J. Kemp, titled The World as Will and Idea, appeared already in 1883-1886, the first English translation of the expanded edition of this work under this title The World as Will and Representation appeared by E. F. J. Payne ( who also translated several other works of Schopenhauer ) as late as in 1958 ( paperback editions in 1966 and 1969 ).

William Calhoun " Will " Newland ( 1860 – 1938 ) was an attorney who served a term as the 11th Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina ( 1909 – 1913 ).

* Lady Adelaide Augusta Lavinia ( 1812 – 1860 ), married Sir William Keith Murray.

Kellogg ( April 7, 1860 – October 6, 1951 ) was an American industrialist in food manufacturing, best known as the founder of the Kellogg Company, which to this day produces a wide variety of popular breakfast cereals.

John S. Rarey with his horse Cruiser, painted by M. Kellogg, 1860

* 1784 – Peter Vivian Daniel, American jurist, Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court ( d. 1860 )

Lincoln was nominated in Chicago for the nation's presidency at the 1860 Republican National Convention and went on to defeat Douglas in the general election, setting the stage for the American Civil War.

* 1860 – Abner Powell, American baseball player ( d. 1953 )

* 1860 – Austin Norman Palmer, American penmanship innovator ( d. 1927 )

* 1961 – Grandma Moses, American painter ( b. 1860 )

* 1860 – Herman Hollerith, American statistician ( d. 1929 )

* 1778 – Rembrandt Peale, American artist ( d. 1860 )

* 1860 – Basil Spalding de Garmendia, American tennis player ( d. 1932 )

* 1860 – Curtis Guild, Jr., American politician ( d. 1915 )

* Dare, Philip N. American Communes to 1860: A Bibliography.

* Fogarty, Robert S. All Things New: American Communes and Utopian Movements, 1860 – 1914.

* 1860 – William Corless Mills, American museum curator ( d. 1928 )

* 1860 – Dugald Campbell Patterson, American pioneer ( d. 1931 )

* 1942 – Henry Larkin, American baseball player ( b. 1860 )

* 1927 – Lizzie Borden, American accused murderer ( b. 1860 )

* 1860 – Robert Bacon, American politician ( d. 1919 )

* 1860 – Elias M. Ammons, American politician ( d. 1925 )

* 1860 – Lizzie Borden, American accused murderer ( d. 1927 )

* 1860 – Susanna M. Salter, American politician ( d. 1961 )

* 1896 – H. H. Holmes, American serial killer ( b. 1860 )

* 1925 – John Montgomery Ward, American baseball player ( b. 1860 )