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RAMIS, the first 4GL, was the direct ancestor of FOCUS, having been principally developed by Gerald D. Cohen and Peter Mittelman while working at Mathematica Products Group in 1970.
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RAMIS and was
RAMIS was sold through to several companies, ultimately landing with Computer Associates.
It was developed to supplant RAMIS, previously a major NCSS offering.
Another RAMIS successor was FOCUS, which evolved in competition with Nomad.
RAMIS was available for purchase in a variety of environments, including ( starting in 1969 ) on a royalty basis from National CSS, Inc., on their proprietary time-sharing system.
In 1987 RAMIS was sold to Online Software International until it was acquired by its current owners, Computer Associates, Long Island, New York.
RAMIS and direct
The syntax of FOCUS in its simplest elements is almost a direct clone of the syntax of RAMIS bearing a resemblance similar to the differences between various early dialects of SQL ).
RAMIS and FOCUS
Examples include RAMIS, FOCUS, SPSS, NOMAD, DB2, REXX, RACF, and OfficeVision.
Similar translation capabilities are being added to the BI translator for converting the other legacy 4GLs, such as RAMIS and FOCUS.
RAMIS is the predecessor of Information Builder's FOCUS, with Gerry Cohen as a common developer and IBI founder.
RAMIS and developed
RAMIS and its most recent version dubbed RAMIS II were developed at Mathematica Products Group, in Princeton, New Jersey, in the late 1960s through the early 1980s.
RAMIS and .
The corporate view of Nomad's importance at the time – and of tensions with the owners of RAMIS – can be deduced from the original NOMAD acronym: NCSS Owned, Maintained, And Developed.
RAMIS Software is a fourth-generation programming language capable of generating reports using simple language and many fewer lines of code than previous third-generation programing languages such as COBOL.
RAMIS stands for Rapid Access Management Information System.
first and 4GL
* 1975 — Sperry Univac Introduce MAPPER ( MAintain, Prepare, and Produce Executive Reports ) is a database management and reporting system that includes the world's first 4GL.
Though used earlier in papers and discussions, the term 4GL was first used formally by James Martin in his 1982 book Applications Development Without Programmers to refer to non-procedural, high-level specification languages.
When the 4GL was first introduced, a disparate mix of hardware and operating systems mandated custom application development support that was specific to the system in order to ensure sales.
Clarion is historically notable as being one of the first computer languages for MS-DOS that provided a 4GL screen painter, report writer and native database access.
first and was
But her prettiness was what he had noticed first, and all the other things had come afterward: cruelty, meanness, self-will.
There was an artificial lake just out of sight in the first stand of trees, fed by a half dozen springs that popped out of the ground above the hillside orchard.
The first part of the road was steep, but it leveled off after the second bend and curled gradually into the valley.
No one was behind it, but in the rear wall of the office I noticed, for the first time, a door which had been left partially open.
The herd was watered and then thrown onto a broad grass flat which was to be the first night's bedground.
Once again, Tom Horn was the first and most likely suspect, and he was brought in for questioning immediately.
For Matilda, it was the first she had known in many a night.
Even the knowledge that she was losing another boy, as a mother always does when a marriage is made, did not prevent her from having the first carefree, dreamless sleep that she had known since they dropped down the canyon and into Bear Valley, way, way back there when they were crossing those other mountains.
Stevens was grunting over the last empty pocket when Russ abruptly rose and lunged toward Carmer's hat, which had tumbled half-a-dozen feet away when he first fell.
The Indian's arm whipped sidewise -- there was a flash of amber and froth, the crash of the bottle shattering against the side of the first car.
It was her first smile.
At first, I thought he was out of his head, talking wildly like this.
Hell, I gave him the first decent job he ever had, six, seven -- how many years ago was it, Rob ''??
Miss Langford ( her first name was Evelyn ) was an attractive girl.
School began in August, the hottest part of the year, and for the first few days Miss Langford was very lenient with the children, letting them play a lot and the new ones sort of get acquainted with one another.
It was just as well that the ignorant Dandy enjoyed himself to the hilt that first evening, for the room was to become his prison cell.
`` Bastards '', he would say, `` all I did was put a beat to that Vivaldi stuff, and the first chair clobbered me ''!!
In 1961 the first important legislative victory of the Kennedy Administration came when the principle of national responsibility for local economic distress won out over a `` state's-responsibility '' proposal -- provision was made for payment for unemployment relief by nation-wide taxation rather than by a levy only on those states afflicted with manpower surplus.
The first systematic thinking about this Pandora's box within Pandora's boxes was done four years ago by Fred Ikle, a frail, meek-mannered Swiss-born sociologist.
The smell at first was more surprising than unpleasant.
His collaboration with Washington, begun when he was the general's aide during the Revolution, was resumed when he entered the first Cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury.
first and direct
Keep the direct sun from reaching the house and you've won the first battle.
The sequence of events leading to his important discovery still remains ambiguous but it seems that one of the advanced students at the university related that the first direct event that led to the publication of Oersted's discovery occurred during a private lecture made before a group of other advanced students in the spring of 1820.
The child with high anxiety may first direct his anxiety-released energy toward achievement, but because his distress severely reduces the abilities of discrimination and memorization of complex symbols, the child may fail in his initial attempts to master the problem.
The first is the traditional " direct " appeal in which the appellant files an appeal with the next higher court of review.
Several robot cities have been planned for the country: the first will be built in 2009 at a cost of 500 billion won, of which 50 billion is direct government investment.
* 1974 – As a direct result of the Watergate scandal, Richard Nixon becomes the first President of the United States to resign from office.
The language of the poem is typically direct and concise and comprises short sentences-the first line is in fact a model of condensed meaning, comprising an exhortation (" Let's drink!
Progressive measures taken during his kingship include: representatives of the commons, besides the nobility and clergy, were involved in governance ; the end of preventive arrests such that henceforward all arrests had to be first presented to a judge to determine the detention measure ; and fiscal innovation, such as negotiating extraordinary taxes with the mercantile classes and direct taxation of the Church, rather than debasement of the coinage.
Despite this limited franchise, Athenian democracy was certainly the first — and perhaps the best — example of a working direct democracy.
The first major application was the relative version of Serre's theorem showing that the cohomology of a coherent sheaf on a complete variety is finite dimensional ; Grothendieck's theorem shows that the higher direct images of coherent sheaves under a proper map are coherent ; this reduces to Serre's theorem over a one-point space.
Ar., lxiv, and De Syn., xviii ), St Athanasius does not recall from memory being a first hand witness to the onset of the great persecution by the Tetrarchy of Diocletian and Maximian in February 303, for in referring to the events of this period he makes no direct appeal to his own personal recollections, but falls back on tradition.
The first of the mandates allocated to each Land go to the candidates who have won direct mandates in that Land.
The Bastarnae first came into direct conflict with Rome as a result of expansion into the lower Danube region by the proconsuls ( governors ) of Macedonia in the period 75-72 BC.
In the trial of Jesus before the Sanhedrin and Pilate, it might appear from the narratives of Matthew and Luke that Jesus at first refused a direct reply to the high priest's question: " Art thou the Christ?
The party's Roh Tae-woo became the first president who was elected through direct election.
Comet Shoemaker – Levy 9 ( formally designated D / 1993 F2 ) was a comet that broke apart and collided with Jupiter in July 1994, providing the first direct observation of an extraterrestrial collision of Solar System objects.
For the first time since 1912, the territory has direct representation.
Centromeres were first defined as genetic loci that direct the behaviour of chromosomes.
For the first time this placed the Maritime manufacturers in direct competition with those of Central Canada.
" Their doctrines have numerous resemblances to those of the Bogomils and the earlier Paulicians as well as the Manicheans and the Christian Gnostics of the first few centuries AD, although, as many scholars, most notably Mark Pegg, have pointed out, it would be erroneous to extrapolate direct, historical connections based on theoretical similarities perceived by modern scholars.
The Lab is best known for their work on what would today be known as " interactivity ", and their machines were among the first where operators had direct control over programs running in real-time.
* 1970 – The first ever general election on the basis of direct adult franchise is held in Pakistan for 313 National Assembly seats.
" Das Fräulein von Scuderi ", an 1819 short story by E. T. A. Hoffmann, in which Mlle de Scudery establishes the innocence of the police's favorite suspect in the murder of a jeweller, is sometimes cited as the first detective story and a direct influence on Edgar Allan Poe's " The Murders in the Rue Morgue ".
The second part of Cervantes ' Don Quixote, finished as a direct result of the Avellaneda book, has come to be regarded by some literary critics as superior to the first part, because of its greater depth of characterization, its discussions, mostly between Quixote and Sancho, on diverse subjects, and its philosophical insights.
* 1986: The Fiat Croma was the first passenger car in the world to have a direct injection turbodiesel engine in ( 1986 ).
0.150 seconds.