The relative biological effectiveness ( RBE ) of alpha radiation is higher than that of beta or gamma radiation.

Although this policy met with initial success, it gradually undermined the relative effectiveness of imperial bureaucracy by placing family connections over merit.

The development of new antipsychotics with fewer of these adverse effects and with greater relative effectiveness as compared to existing antipsychotics ( efficacy ), is an ongoing field of research.

Each methodology differs both in the ways in which they are implemented, as well as the relative effectiveness they afford in increasing the CPU's performance for an application.

The same is true for alternative insecticides, so its relative effectiveness varies.

The relative effectiveness of IRS ( with DDT or alternative insecticides ) versus other malaria control techniques ( e. g. bednets or prompt access to anti-malarial drugs ) varies greatly and is highly dependent on local conditions.

By taking both in-role and extra-role performance into account, industrial – organizational psychologists are able to assess employees ' effectiveness ( how well they do what they were hired to do ), efficiency ( their relative outputs to relative inputs ), and their productivity ( how much they help the organization reach its goals ).

See relative biological effectiveness for a discussion of this.

In a similar way, the alpha emitting actinides and radium are considered very harmful as they tend to have long biological half-lives and their radiation has a high relative biological effectiveness, making it far more damaging to tissues per amount of energy deposited.

Advantages include relative effectiveness, ease of implementation, long-established legal precedent, and familiarity.

In democratic societies the goals and mechanisms of formal social control are determined through legislation by elected representatives and thus enjoy a measure of support from the population and voluntary compliance. Douglas D. Heckathorn notes that the effectiveness of any type of formal control is determined by the relative strength of the sanction in terms of extent of punishment, monitoring ability, and degree of group or informal control on the individual.

Probably one of the more prevalent antimalarial drugs prescribed, due to its relative effectiveness and cheapness, doxycycline is a tetracycline compound derived from oxytetracycline.

The circumstantial nature of the relative communicative competence and effectiveness of one style over another can be exemplified by coaching.

The relative effectiveness of this user management directly impacts the quality of a forum in general, its appeal, and its usefulness as a community of interrelated users.

Clarity of language, relative type size and proximity to the claim being qualified, and an absence of contrary claims that could undercut effectiveness, will maximize the likelihood that the qualifications and disclosures are appropriately clear and prominent.

Consequently, in living tissue, neutrons have a relatively high relative biological effectiveness, and are roughly ten times more effective at causing biological damage compared to gamma or beta radiation of equivalent radiation exposure.

To this end, a 1957 study compared the relative effectiveness of three different psychotherapies in treating alcoholics who had been committed to a state hospital for sixty days: a therapy based on two-factor learning theory, client-centered therapy, and psychoanalytic therapy.

It assesses the cost effectiveness of new treatments by analysing the cost and benefit of the proposed treatment relative to the next best treatment that is currently in use.

When combined with the relative cost of treatment this information can be used to form an Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio ( ICER ) to allow comparison of suggested expenditure against current resource use at the margin ( the cost effectiveness threshold ).

The relative dominance of the Democratic party through the 1930s through the 1960s coincided with a precipitous drop in the membership and effectiveness of the College Republicans.

Watchers are typically well versed in hand-to-hand combat techniques, though they generally confine themselves to training Slayers or supporting them in battle, as their relative strength limits their effectiveness in directly engaging vampires.

Questions remain regarding the relative safety and cost effectiveness of this new class.

A model comparing the theoretical relative frequency of gastrointestinal adverse effects and cost effectiveness of celecoxib, nonspecific NSAIDs alone, NSAIDs plus a proton pump inhibitor, NSAIDs plus an H < sub > 2 </ sub > receptor antagonist, NSAIDs plus misoprostol, and diclofenac / misoprostol, found the lowest probability of adverse gastrointestinal events for celecoxib, followed by NSAIDs plus a proton pump inhibitor, NSAIDs plus an H < sub > 2 </ sub > receptor antagonist, NSAID plus misoprostol, diclofenac / misoprostol, and NSAID alone.

Swedish attempts to introduce Lutheranism, which accelerated after an initial period of relative religious tolerance, were met with repugnance by the majority of the Orthodox peasantry, who were obliged to attend Lutheran services ; converts were promised grants and tax reductions, but Lutheran gains were mostly due to voluntary resettlements by Finns from Savonia and Finnish Karelia ( mostly from Äyräpää ).

Without comparing the relative merits of the two courses -- architecture versus interior design -- let us examine the educational needs of the interior designer.

There is significant scientific debate about the relative merits of categorical versus such non-categorical ( or hybrid ) schemes, also known as continuum or dimensional models.

Further data, from the APPROVe trial, showed a statistically significant relative risk of cardiovascular events of 1. 97 versus placebo — which caused a worldwide withdrawal of rofecoxib in October 2004.

Finally, the relative frequency of straights versus three of a kind is also sensitive to the deck composition ( and to the number of cards dealt ), so some places may consider three of a kind to be superior to a straight, but the difference is small enough that this complication is not necessary for most games.

In particular it attacks the use of sharp binary classifications such as male versus female, straight versus gay, white versus black, and imperial versus colonial ; it holds realities to be plural and relative, and to be dependent on who the interested parties are and the nature of these interests.

The relative frequency of spandrels, so defined, versus adaptive features in nature, remains a controversial topic in evolutionary biology.

While there is considerable debate about the relative merits of a constitutional arrangement such as that of the United States versus a parliamentary arrangement such as Britain, analysts have noted that most democracies around the world have chosen the British multi-party model.

The degree of partial melting required to form a melt can be estimated by considering the relative enrichment of incompatible elements versus compatible elements.

The nature versus nurture debate concerns the relative importance of an individual's innate qualities (" nature ," i. e. nativism, or innatism ) versus personal experiences (" nurture ," i. e. empiricism or behaviorism ) in determining or causing individual differences in physical and behavioral traits.

This meta-analysis demonstrated a large effect size ( high efficacy relative to the mean in terms of the standard deviation ) for ECT versus placebo, and versus antidepressant drugs.

Vigorous debates occurred over the relative importance of natural selection versus neutral processes, including genetic drift.

Social Constructivism encompasses a broad range of theories that aim to address questions of ontology, such as the Structure and agency debate, as well as questions of epistemology, such as the " material / ideational " debate that concerns the relative role of material forces versus ideas.

Drafting continued on the convention, but there remained significant differences between UN members on the relative importance of negative Civil and Political versus positive Economic, Social and Cultural rights.

Other issues are introduced by the relative material and logistical properties of LOX versus LH2.

A 2006 study at the University of Essex and the IZA in Bonn into the relative effects of preference versus opportunity in mate selection showed, while concluding that opportunity was more important than preference, that a woman's age is the single most important factor determining demand by men.

A study by Albert Mehrabian, reported in The Journal of Applied Social Psychology ( 1998 ), tested the relative importance of the bandwagon ( rally around the winner ) effect versus the underdog ( empathic support for those trailing ) effect.

A further explanation of the bandwagon effect in new products adoption ( marketing ) could lay in the " relative " performance of the adopters, versus the people remaining with the established solution.

A heated debate arose when Kimura's theory was published, largely revolving around the relative percentages of alleles that are " neutral " versus " non-neutral " in any given genome.