By 1943 however, large numbers of fleet and light carriers became available, which required larger formations of three or four carriers.

By the time Hilbert died in 1943, the Nazis had nearly completely restaffed the university, in as much as many of the former faculty had either been Jewish or married to Jews.

By March 1943, the first National Conference of the Communist Party elected Hoxha formally as First Secretary.

By 1943, the Allies began to gain the upper hand in the Pacific Campaign's air campaigns.

By 1943, after Italy faced multiple military failures, complete reliance and subordination of Italy to Germany, and Allied invasion of Italy, and corresponding international humiliation, Mussolini was removed as head of government and arrested by the order of King Victor Emmanuel III who proceeded to dismantle the Fascist state and declared Italy's switching of allegiance to the Allied side.

By January 1943, Himmler reported that 629, 000 ethnic Germans had been resettled ; however, most resettled Germans did not live in the envisioned small farms, but in temporary camps or quarters in towns.

Eric D. Weitz wrote, " By 1948, according to Nicolas Werth, the mortality rate of the 600, 000 people deported from the Caucasus between 1943 and 1944 had reached 25 %.

By the end of 1943, the Soviets occupied half of the territory taken by the Germans from 1941 – 1942.

By late 1943, the tide of the war was turning against the Axis powers, but this only spurred Goebbels to intensify the propaganda by urging the Germans to accept the idea of total war and mobilization.

By comparing the photographic plates of the Pleiades cluster taken in 1918 with images taken in 1943, van Maanen was able to identify those stars that had a proper motion similar to the mean motion of the cluster, and were therefore more likely to be members.

By midsummer 1943, the first trial runs of the assembly-line in the Production Works at Werke Süd were made,

By 1943 they produced the SU-85, and by late 1944 the SU-100, which mounted powerful guns on modern chassis with full armour protection.

By the time the writs were dropped for the 1943 federal election, the Coalition had sunk into near paralysis.

By 9 February 1942, Peenemünde engineer de Beek had documented the radio interference area of a V-2 as 10, 000 meters around the “ Firing Point ”, and the first successful A-4 flight on 3 October 1943, used radio control for Brennschluss.

By the early 1940s, the British film industry began to combine documentary techniques with fictional stories in films like Noël Coward's In Which We Serve ( 1942 ), Millions Like Us ( 1943 ) and The Way Ahead ( 1944 ).

By the middle of 1943, however, it became clear audiences were tired of war films.

By the time the smoke had cleared in 1943, NBC found itself shorn of its Blue network, which became ABC.

By the time GC 3 relocated to Tula on 6 November 1943, only six pilots remained from the original groupe, which had accumulated 72 aerial victories since becoming operational.

By mid-March 1943, the counter-offensive of the U. S. II Corps, along with the rest of the British 1st Army, pushed the Germans and Italians eastward.

By 1943 the Italian people had lost faith in Mussolini and no longer supported the war ; Italy had lost its colonies, the allies had taken North Africa in May, and Sicily had been invaded in July.

By the end of 1943, the Soviets had gained the upper hand and the Germans were retreating.

By 1943, the tide began to turn.

By December 1943, these Secondary Schools had reached their capacity, and a major portion of Navy Pier was quickly converted to a fourth school.

* Evatt, H. V., Rum Rebellion: A Study Of The Overthrow Of Governor Bligh By John Macarthur And The New South Wales, 1943.

By April 1945, there were some 800, 000 soldiers in the Partisan army.

By this point the enemy were closing in to take the remaining access points to the coast, which would throttle the Partisan supply route before it had even begun.

By 1500 Tupa's son, Huayna Capac, overcame the resistance of these populations and that of the Cara, and thus incorporated most of modern-day Ecuador into Tawantinsuyu, as the Inca empire was known.

By the time the railway was built, military resistance by the African population to the original British takeover had petered out.

By 31 May, it had become clear that the cancer had overcome the resistance of Pope John.

By no means is all nonviolent resistance ( sometimes also called civil resistance ) based on a fundamental rejection of all violence in all circumstances.

By the late 1920s the resistance movement against colonial rule had gathered widespread support during the mistreatment of the Samoan people by the New Zealand administration.

By 1879, Edison had produced a new concept: a high resistance lamp in a very high vacuum, which would burn for hundreds of hours.

By early November, the German forces controlled 90 percent of the city and had cornered the Soviets into two narrow pockets, but they were unable to eliminate the last pockets of Soviet resistance in time.

By the beginning of the 1950s, the occupying regime had suppressed the resistance movement.

By contrast, in " Patterns of Force ," where the crew discovers that a Federation cultural observer has contaminated the culture he was supposed to be observing by having blatantly reformed a planet's government to emulate Nazi Germany, they help the local resistance overthrow the government.

By way of analogy, the allele ( a particular version of a gene ) which causes sickle-cell anemia when two copies are present may also confer resistance to malaria with a lesser form of anemia when one copy is present ( this is called heterozygous advantage ).

By contrast, growth hormone replacement therapy may be associated with increased insulin resistance.

By December the Allies ' progress had slowed facing tenacious German resistance and the difficult geography of the Italian Peninsula.

By the 19th, they had to abandon their efforts due to progressively stiffening resistance and started to retreat southward along the river with over 200 wounded.

By September 1945, control of major infrastructure installations, including railway stations and trams in Java's largest cities, had been taken over by Republican pemuda who encountered little Japanese resistance.

By Ohm's law, is simply the source voltage divided by the total circuit resistance:

By keeping the source of the information hidden, I2P offers censorship resistance.

By May 1945, the war in Europe was over, with total defeat of enemy resistance down to the last few small pockets of resistance remaining after the fall of Berlin.

By that time the earlier indigenous tribes of that area were no longer present, presumably due to their lack of resistance to European diseases such as measles and smallpox that had been carried in earlier by European traffic and settlement along the Mississippi River.

By injecting minority carriers ( holes ) from the collector p + region into the n-drift region during forward conduction, the resistance of the n-drift region is considerably reduced.

* By showing that appeasement was a popular policy and that there was continuity in British foreign policy after 1933, he shattered the common view of the appeasers as a small, degenerate clique that had mysteriously hijacked the British government sometime in the 1930s and who had carried out their policies in the face of massive public resistance.

By applying a voltage across the bilayer and measuring the resulting current, the resistance of the bilayer is determined.

By “ painting ” a solution of lipid in organic solvent across an aperture, Mueller and Rudin were able to create an artificial bilayer and determine that this exhibited lateral fluidity, high electrical resistance and self-healing in response to puncture, all of which are properties of a natural cell membrane.