in the sphere was starting buffer and in the cone was final buffer, 0.50 M in both Af and Tris, pH 4.1.

Paper electrophoresis was carried out on the concentrated samples in a Spinco model R cell using barbital buffer, pH 8.6, ionic strength 0.075, at room temperature on Whatman 3MM filter paper.

Further separation was carried out in the presence of a citric acid / ammonium buffer solution in a weakly acidic medium ( pH ≈ 3. 5 ), using ion exchange at elevated temperature.

* Carbonate / bicarbonate / carbonic acid equilibrium in water: pH of solutions, buffer capacity, titration and species distribution vs. pH computed with a free spreadsheet

Larger amounts of radioactive material were later isolated from coral debris of the atoll, which were delivered to the U. S. The separation of suspected new elements was carried out in the presence of a citric acid / ammonium buffer solution in a weakly acidic medium ( pH ≈ 3. 5 ), using ion exchange at elevated temperatures ; fewer than 200 atoms of einsteinium were recovered in the end.

Electrophoresis is performed in buffer solutions to reduce pH changes due to the electric field, which is important because the charge of DNA and RNA depends on pH, but running for too long can exhaust the buffering capacity of the solution.

The pH of an electrophoretic gel is determined by the buffer used for that gel.

If the pH of the buffer is above the pI of the protein being run, the protein will migrate to the positive pole ( negative charge is attracted to a positive pole ).

If the pH of the buffer is below the pI of the protein being run, the protein will migrate to the negative pole of the gel ( positive charge is attracted to the negative pole ).

If the protein is run with a buffer pH that is equal to the pI, it will not migrate at all.

The reading from a second standard buffer solution is then adjusted, using the " slope " control, to be equal to the pH for that solution.

When more than two buffer solutions are used the electrode is calibrated by fitting observed pH values to a straight line with respect to standard buffer values.

Therefore a buffer solution may be added to the titration chamber to maintain the pH.

Many life forms thrive only in a relatively small pH range so they utilize a buffer solution to maintain a constant pH.

A buffer of carbonic acid ( H < sub > 2 </ sub > CO < sub > 3 </ sub >) and bicarbonate ( HCO < sub > 3 </ sub >< sup >−</ sup >) is present in blood plasma, to maintain a pH between 7. 35 and 7. 45.

For another solute, bicarbonate, dialysis solution level is set at a slightly higher level than in normal blood, to encourage diffusion of bicarbonate into the blood, to act as a pH buffer to neutralize the metabolic acidosis that is often present in these patients.

The difference in pH and electric charge ( ignoring differences in buffer capacity ) creates an electrochemical potential that works as if it were similar to a battery or storage unit for energy for the cell ,.

The gels typically consist of acrylamide, bisacrylamide, SDS, and a buffer with an adjusted pH.

* Chemical buffer Stabilizes the pH value to the desired value within the gel itself and in the electrophoresis buffer.

The serum was measured volumetrically and subsequently dialyzed in the cold for at least 24 hr against three to four changes, approximately 750 ml each, of `` starting buffer ''.

After dialysis the sample was centrifuged and the supernatant placed on a Af cm column of EEAE-cellulose equilibrated with starting buffer.

The small amount of insoluble material which precipitated during dialysis was suspended in approximately 5 ml of starting buffer, centrifuged, resuspended in 2.5 ml of isotonic saline and tested for antibody activity.

A sample of Fraction Af from group O plasma was dissolved in starting buffer, dialyzed against this buffer and subjected to chromatography using the gradient shown in Fig. 2.

The precipitate was washed twice with an 80% saturated solution of Af, dissolved in a small quantity of 0.1 M neutral phosphate buffer, dialyzed against cold distilled water till free from ammonium ions, and lyophilized using liquid nitrogen.

Of the 32 KB RAM, 3½ KB was allocated to the OS at startup and at least 10 KB was taken up by the display buffer in contiguous display modes.

This allows smoothing out the jitter, but the delay introduced by passage through the buffer would require echo cancellers even in local networks ; this was considered too expensive at the time.

After being conquered by the Arabs in the early 8th century, it was reconquered in 801 by Charlemagne's son Louis, who made Barcelona the seat of the Carolingian " Hispanic March " ( Marca Hispanica ), a buffer zone ruled by the Count of Barcelona.

These interventions were meant to put an end to democratic liberalization efforts and uprisings that had the potential to compromise Soviet hegemony inside the Eastern bloc, which was considered by the Soviets to be an essential defensive and strategic buffer in case hostilities with NATO were to break out.

More subtle is the slight over-representation of string operations, which is largely language-related: both Ada and Pascal have strings as normal variables in the language, whereas C does not, so what was simple variable assignment in reference benchmarks became buffer copy operations in the C library.

As far as British interests were concerned, Abdur Rahman answered their prayers: a forceful, intelligent leader capable of welding his divided people into a state ; and he was willing to accept limitations to his power imposed by British control of his country's foreign affairs and the British buffer state policy.

Having this hard currency buffer to work with, the Salvadoran Government undertook a monetary integration plan beginning January 1, 2001, by which the U. S. dollar became legal tender alongside the colón, and all formal accounting was undertaken in U. S. dollars.

The eventual remedy for this was a return to the original store and forward approach of bridging, where the packet would be read into a buffer on the switch in its entirety, verified against its checksum and then forwarded, but using more powerful application-specific integrated circuits.

Mussolini was interested in Austria forming a buffer zone against Nazi Germany.

The formula was derived by Agner Krarup Erlang and is not limited to telephone networks, since it describes a probability in a queuing system ( albeit a special case with a number of servers but no buffer spaces for incoming calls to wait for a free server ).

In Kendall's notation, the M / M / 1 / K queuing model, where K is the size of the buffer, may be used to analyze the queuing delay in a specific system.

; M: Match the accept buffer against string variables or string literals.

This featured 32 KB cache memory, some of which could be dedicated to video text buffer in CGA mode ( this was supported by drivers available only in the FORTH or the CP / M environments ; no known programs using the Sinclair-based BASIC mode used this feature ).

Pressing the Escape key entered a mode where pressing the I, J, K or M keys would move the cursor without altering the input buffer.

The M / M / 1 is a single server queue with an infinite buffer size.

The M / M / c is multi-server queue with C servers and an infinite buffer.

The M / M / 1 / K queue is a single server queue with a buffer of size K. This queue has applications in telecommunications, as well as in biology when a population has a capacity limit.