Formally, the Lebesgue integral provides the necessary analytic device.

Formally, a unique factorization domain is defined to be an integral domain R in which every non-zero and non-unit x of R can be written as a product ( including an empty product ) of irreducible elements p < sub > i </ sub > of R and a unit u:

Formally, the idea is to take the integral defining the ( inverse ) Fourier transform

Formally, the differential appearing under the integral behaves exactly as a differential: thus, the integration by substitution and integration by parts formulae for Stieltjes integral correspond, respectively, to the chain rule and product rule for the differential.

Formally organized vocational programs supported by federal funds allow high school students to gain experience in a field of work which is likely to lead to a full-time job on graduation.

Formally, a binary operation on a set S is called associative if it satisfies the associative law:

Formally, their designation is the letter Ž and the number.

Formally, a topological space X is called compact if each of its open covers has a finite subcover.

Formally, the set of all context-free languages is identical to the set of languages accepted by pushdown automata ( PDA ).

Formally, the derivative of the function f at a is the limit

More rigorously, the divergence of a vector field F at a point p is defined as the limit of the net flow of F across the smooth boundary of a three dimensional region V divided by the volume of V as V shrinks to p. Formally,

Formally, the base is known as Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia ( the US activity ) or Permanent Joint Operating Base ( PJOB ) Diego Garcia ( the UK's term ).

Formally, there is a clear distinction: " DFT " refers to a mathematical transformation or function, regardless of how it is computed, whereas " FFT " refers to a specific family of algorithms for computing DFTs.

Formally, oxidation state is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100 % ionic.

Formally, a bifunctor is a functor whose domain is a product category.

Formally, a set S is called finite if there exists a bijection

Formally, the system is said to have memory.

Formally, an inner product space is a vector space V over the field together with an inner product, i. e., with a map

Formally, if M is a set, the identity function f on M is defined to be that function with domain and codomain M which satisfies

* Formally, when working over the reals, as here, this is accomplished by considering the limit as ε → 0 ; but the " infinitesimal " language generalizes directly to Lie groups over general rings.

Formally, a profinite group is a Hausdorff, compact, and totally disconnected topological group: that is, a topological group that is also a Stone space.

Formally, this sharing of dynamics is referred to as universality, and systems with precisely the same critical exponents are said to belong to the same universality class.

Formally, a frame is defined to be a lattice L in which finite meets distribute over arbitrary joins, i. e. every ( even infinite ) subset

Formally, Φ = kx − ωt is the phase.

Formally, we start with a category C with finite products ( i. e. C has a terminal object 1 and any two objects of C have a product ).

Formally, two variables are inversely proportional ( or varying inversely, or in inverse variation, or in inverse proportion or in reciprocal proportion ) if one of the variables is directly proportional with the multiplicative inverse ( reciprocal ) of the other, or equivalently if their product is a constant.

Formally, a Lie superalgebra is a ( nonassociative ) Z < sub > 2 </ sub >- graded algebra, or superalgebra, over a commutative ring ( typically R or C ) whose product, called the Lie superbracket or supercommutator, satisfies the two conditions ( analogs of the usual Lie algebra axioms, with grading ):

Formally, f < sub > X, Y </ sub >( x, y ) is the probability density function of ( X, Y ) with respect to the product measure on the respective supports of X and Y.

Formally, a product term P in a sum of products is an implicant of the Boolean function F if P implies F. More precisely:

Formally, the Barnes G-function is defined ( in the form of a Weierstrass product ) as

Formally a random variable is considered to be a function on the possible outcomes.

Formally, the discrete cosine transform is a linear, invertible function ( where denotes the set of real numbers ), or equivalently an invertible N × N square matrix.

Formally, we are given a set of hypotheses and a set of manifestations ; they are related by the domain knowledge, represented by a function that takes as an argument a set of hypotheses and gives as a result the corresponding set of manifestations.

Formally, a function ƒ is real analytic on an open set D in the real line if for any x < sub > 0 </ sub > in D one can write

Formally, an elliptic function is a function meromorphic on for which there exist two non-zero complex numbers and with ( in other words, not parallel ), such that and for all.

Formally, if is an open subset of the complex plane, a point of, and is a holomorphic function, then is called a removable singularity for if there exists a holomorphic function which coincides with on.

Formally, the problem of supervised pattern recognition can be stated as follows: Given an unknown function ( the ground truth ) that maps input instances to output labels, along with training data assumed to represent accurate examples of the mapping, produce a function that approximates as closely as possible the correct mapping.

Formally, a statistic s is a measurable function of X ; thus, a statistic s is evaluated on a random variable X, taking the value s ( X ), which is itself a random variable.

Formally, the discrete sine transform is a linear, invertible function F: R < sup > N </ sup > < tt >-></ tt > R < sup > N </ sup > ( where R denotes the set of real numbers ), or equivalently an N × N square matrix.

Formally, the discrete Hartley transform is a linear, invertible function H: R < sup > n </ sup > < tt >-></ tt > R < sup > n </ sup > ( where R denotes the set of real numbers ).

Formally, a cardinal κ is defined to be weakly compact if it is uncountable and for every function f: < sup > 2 </ sup > →

Formally, an analytic function ƒ ( z ) of the real or complex variables z < sub > 1 </ sub >,…, z < sub > n </ sub > is transcendental if z < sub > 1 </ sub >, …, z < sub > n </ sub >, ƒ ( z ) are algebraically independent, i. e., if ƒ is transcendental over the field C ( z < sub > 1 </ sub >, …, z < sub > n </ sub >).

Formally, the Cantor function c: → is defined as follows:

Formally, this means that we want a function to be monotonic.

Formally, this means that, for some function f, the image f ( D ) of a directed set D ( i. e. the set of the images of each element of D ) is again directed and has as a least upper bound the image of the least upper bound of D. One could also say that f preserves directed suprema.

Formally, let be a stochastic process and let represent the cumulative distribution function of the joint distribution of at times.

Formally, an ultrametric space is a set of points with an associated distance function ( also called a metric )