High-volume production lines use other soldering methods.

High-volume issues such as Intel or Microsoft generally have a spread of only $ 0. 01, so the price only needs to move a few pennies for the trader to cover his commission costs and show a profit.

High-volume industries will often define the end point in terms of reaching a certain production volume, such as a million units per month.

High-volume websites, such as Yahoo !, Amazon. com and eBay, offer hosting services for online stores to all size retailers.

The technology of manipulating electron beams pioneered in these early tubes was applied practically in the design of vacuum tubes, particularly in the invention of the cathode ray tube by Ferdinand Braun in 1897. and is today employed in sophisticated devices such as electron microscopes, electron beam lithography, and particle accelerators.

Electron beam lithography ( EBL ) is a method of etching semiconductors at resolutions smaller than a micron.

An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit ( also referred to as IC, chip, or microchip ) is an electronic circuit manufactured by lithography, or the patterned diffusion of trace elements into the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material.

A limestone plate with a negative map of Moosburg in Bavaria is prepared for a lithography print.

In modern lithography, the image is made of a polymer coating applied to a flexible aluminum plate.

As a printing technology, lithography is different from intaglio printing ( gravure ), wherein a plate is either engraved, etched, or stippled to score cavities to contain the printing ink ; and woodblock printing, and letterpress printing, wherein ink is applied to the raised surfaces of letters or images.

In the early days of lithography, a smooth piece of limestone was used ( hence the name " lithography ": " lithos " ( λιθος ) is the ancient Greek word for stone ).

Because the image is first transferred, or offset to the rubber blanket cylinder, this reproduction method is known as offset lithography or offset printing.

The process of lithography printing is seen here.

Electron beam lithography is also important commercially, primarily for its use in the manufacture of photomasks.

Electron beam lithography as it is usually practiced is a form of maskless lithography, in that a mask is not required to generate the final pattern.

M. C. Escher is considered a master of lithography, and many of his prints were created using this process.

As a special form of lithography, the Serilith process is sometimes used.

Electron beam lithography ( often abbreviated as e-beam lithography ) is the practice of scanning a beam of electrons in a patterned fashion across a surface covered with a film ( called the resist ), (" exposing " the resist ) and of selectively removing either exposed or non-exposed regions of the resist (" developing ").

Common types of matrices include: plates of metal, usually copper or zinc for engraving or etching ; stone, used for lithography ; blocks of wood for woodcuts, linoleum for linocuts and fabric plates for screen-printing.

Invented in 1796 by German author and actor Alois Senefelder as a cheap method of publishing theatrical works, lithography can be used to print text or artwork onto paper or other suitable material.

The word lithography also denotes photolithography, a microfabrication technique used in the microelectronics industry to make integrated circuits and microelectromechanical systems.

Senefelder had experimented during the early 19th century with multicolor lithography ; in his 1819 book, he predicted that the process would eventually be perfected and used to reproduce paintings.

For offset lithography, which depends on photographic processes, flexible aluminum, polyester, mylar or paper printing plates are used instead of stone tablets.

In the 1890s color lithography became greatly popular with French artists, Toulouse-Lautrec most notably of all, and by 1900 the medium in both color and monotone was an accepted part of printmaking, although France and the US have used it more than other countries.

This form of maskless lithography has found wide usage in photomask-making used in photolithography, low-volume production of semiconductor components, and research & development.

X-ray lithography, is a process used in electronic industry to selectively remove parts of a thin film.

All NASA-borne extreme-ultraviolet observation instruments have been calibrated at SURF since the 1970s, and SURF is used for measurement and characterization of systems for extreme ultraviolet lithography.

Photolithography ( also termed " optical lithography " or " UV lithography ") is a process used in microfabrication to selectively remove parts of a thin film or the bulk of a substrate.

In deep ultraviolet lithography, chemically amplified resist ( CAR ) chemistry is used.

( Maskless lithography projects a precise beam directly onto the wafer without using a mask, but it is not widely used in commercial processes.

From the early 1960s through the mid-1980s, Hg lamps had been used in lithography for their spectral lines at 436 nm (" g-line "), 405 nm (" h-line ") and 365 nm (" i-line ").

by Kanti Jain, and now excimer laser lithography machines ( steppers and scanners ) are the primary tools used worldwide in microelectronics production.

The commonly used deep ultraviolet excimer lasers in lithography systems are the Krypton fluoride laser at 248-nm wavelength and the argon fluoride laser at 193-nm wavelength.

The many tools and writing materials used throughout history include stone tablets, clay tablets, wax tablets, vellum, parchment, paper, copperplate, styluses, quills, ink brushes, pencils, pens, and many styles of lithography.

Traditional printmaking techniques, such as lithography, woodcut, and intaglio, can be used to make monoprints.

Very high-speed laser printers are used for mass mailings of personalized documents, such as credit card or utility bills, and are competing with lithography in some commercial applications.

Common types of matrices include: plates of metal, usually copper or zinc for engraving or etching ; stone, used for lithography ; blocks of wood for woodcuts, linoleum for linocuts and fabric in the case of screen-printing.

Most of the artists above, except for Félix Vallotton and Paul Gauguin, in fact used lithography, especially for coloured prints.

However, with the semiconductor industry ’ s need for both higher resolution ( to produce denser and faster chips ) and higher throughput ( for lower costs ), the lamp-based lithography tools were no longer able to meet the industry ’ s requirements.

However, such alternate color systems still rely on color separation, halftoning and lithography to produce printed images.

They have experimented with etching, engraving, lithography, and silkscreen, and produce annual catalogs advertising the limited edition prints.

Katz would go on to produce many editions in lithography, etching, silkscreen, woodcut and linoleum cut, producing over 400 print editions in his lifetime.

The stone lithography process used to produce the movie poster, " The War Bonnet ," was made by the Ritchey Litho Corp., N. Y. and features a profile of Josephine M. Workman dressed in a war bonnet.