During the period of the Iberian Union ( 1580 – 1640 ), Portugal lost influence and power and made new enemies.

* 1580 – One of the largest earthquakes recorded in the history of England, Flanders, or Northern France, takes place.

* 1580 – Alonso Mudarra, Spanish composer

* 1580 – Battle of Alcântara.

* 1580 – Thomas Middleton, English dramatist ( d. 1627 )

# Albert Frederick of Prussia ( 1 June – 8 October 1580 ).

File: Indischer Maler um 1615 ( I ) 001. jpg | Portrait of Ibrâhîm ' Âdil Shâh II ( 1580 – 1626 ), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD

*** House of Aviz ( 1385 – 1580 ) – illegitimate male-line descent from the Capetian Dynasty

* 1580 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer ( d. 1637 )

In February 1577, it was rumoured that Oxford's sister Mary would marry Lord Gerald Fitzgerald ( 1559 – 1580 ), but by 2 July, she was linked with Peregrine Bertie, later Lord Willoughby d ' Eresby.

* Daniel Heinsius, scholar of the Dutch Renaissance ( 1580 – 1655 )

* Snellius ( Willebrord Snel van Royen ) 1580 – 1626, Leiden ( Netherlands )

A map of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires in the period of Iberian Union under the personal union of the Spanish monarchs ( 1580 – 1640 ).

* Kings of Portugal ( 1580 – 1640 ),

After returning, Alafin Orompoto ( c. 1560 – 1580 ) built up an army based on heavily armed cavalry and long-service troops.

* John Young ( Regius Professor ) ( 1514 – 1580 ), English Catholic clergyman and academic

* 1580 – King Henry of Portugal ( b. 1512 )

* 1509 – Giovanni Morone, Italian cardinal ( d. 1580 )

* 1580 – Johann Stobäus, German composer ( d. 1646 )

* 1528 – Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy ( d. 1580 )

* 1580 – Philip II of Spain declares William the Silent to be an outlaw.

* 1580 – The Ostrog Bible, one of the early printed Bibles in a Slavic language, is published.

* 1580 – ( baptised ) John Smith of Jamestown ( d. 1631 )

For example, Italy, France, and Spain produced noted writers of mercantilist themes including Italy's Giovanni Botero ( 1544 – 1617 ) and Antonio Serra ( 1580 -?

* January 25 – Giovanni Morone, Italian cardinal ( d. 1580 )

Studi sul cardinal Giovanni Morone ( 1509 – 1580 ) e il suo processo d ' eresia, Brescia, Morcelliana, 2005

Giovanni Filippo Ingrassia ( 1510 – 1580 ) was a major figure in the history of the science of human anatomy.

* Giovanni Morone ( 1509 – 1580 )

* Giovanni Girolamo Morone ( 1509 – 1580 ) ( 1542, 1570 )

He studied at the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano in Rome with several people including Palestrina, became a priest in the 1570s and by 1580 was maestro di cappella at S. Luigi dei Francesi, also in Rome.

The official rules of calcio were published for the first time in 1580 by Giovanni de ' Bardi, a Florentine count.

Giovanni Filippo ( 1510 – 1580 ) is believed to be first to describe Varicella, commonly known as chicken pox.

* Giovanni Antonio Lovino, Prattica e theorica del bene adoperare tutte le sorti di arme c. 1580

In the summer of 1580, Gabriel Harvey, apparently motivated by a desire to ingratiate himself with Leicester, satirized Oxford's love for things Italian in verses entitled Speculum Tuscanismi in Three Proper and Witty Familiar Letters.

In June 1580 he purchased a tenement and seven acres of land near Aldgate in London from the Italian merchant Benedict Spinola for £ 2, 500.

* November 30 – Andrea Palladio, Italian architect ( d. 1580 )

** Livio Agresti, Italian painter ( d. 1580 )

Chiswick Villa is inspired in part by several buildings of the 16th-century Italian architects Andrea Palladio ( 1508 – 1580 ) and his assistant Vincenzo Scamozzi ( 1552 – 1616 ).

* Andrea Palladio ( 1508 – 1580 ), Italian architect

* April 5 – Lorenzo Garbieri, Italian painter ( born 1580 )

In the later 16th century in the northeastern Italian Peninsula the Palladian Villas of the Veneto, designed by Andrea Palladio ( 1508 – 1580 ), were built in Vicenza in the Republic of Venice ( Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia ).

The most important of these are: the Capuchins, founded in 1525 by Matteo Bassi and established in 1619 by Paul V as a separate order ; the Discalced Franciscans, founded as a specially strict Observantist congregation at Belalcázar in Spain by Juan de Puebla toward the end of the 15th century, compelled by Leo X to unite with the regular Observantists, but soon afterward reestablished as an independent branch by Juan de Guadelupe ( d. 1580 ), and subsequently obtaining some importance in Spain and Portugal ; the Alcantarines, a very strict congregation founded in 1540 by Peter of Alcántara, and distinguished by remarkable achievements in the mission field ; the Italian Riformati, founded about 1525 near Rieti by two Spanish Observantists, and becoming comparatively widespread from the beginning of the 17th century through the favour of Pope Clement VIII and Pope Urban VIII ; the French Recollects, originating in Cluys in 1570 and, more successfully at Rabastens in 1583, formed into a distinct congregation by Clement VIII in 1602, and important in later missionary history, especially in Canada ; the German-Belgian Recollects, formed in the 17th century, as the Observant provinces in Germany and Belgium accepted stricter statutes and took the name Recollects during and after the Thirty Years ' War.

The word " race ", interpreted to mean common descent, was introduced into English in about 1580, from the Old French rasse ( 1512 ), from Italian razza, which may have been derived from the Arabic Word " ras " " رأس " meaning the head of someone or something.

From about 1580 however, nearly all virginals were rectangular, the Italian models often having an outer case like harpsichords from that country.

Francesco Fontana ( lawyer ) ( 1580 – c. 1656 ) was an Italian lawyer ( University of Naples ) but was an astronomer.

Antonio Scandello ( January 17, 1517 – January 18, 1580 ) was an Italian composer, born in Bergamo.

In 1580 he founded the city of Zamość, built and designed as a Renaissance or " ideal city " by the Italian architect Bernardo Morando.

Emmanuel Philibert ( in Italian Emanuele Filiberto ; known as " Testa di ferro ", in English " Ironhead ", because of his military career ; 8 July 1528 – 30 August 1580 ) was Duke of Savoy from 1553 to 1580.

Front page of I quattro libri dell ' architetturaI quattro libri dell ' architettura ( The Four Books of Architecture ) is an Italian treatise on architecture by the architect Andrea Palladio ( 1508 – 1580 ).

* Francesco Fontana ( 1580 – 1656 ), an Italian astronomer

1560 – 1580 ), Italian composer to the Medici

Cesare Bendinelli ( b. c. 1542 in Verona, Italy, d. 1617 in Munich, Germany ) was an Italian trumpeter who was the principal trumpet player of the Viennese court from 1567 to 1580.

Livio Agresti ( 1508 – 1580 ), also called Ritius or Ricciutello, was an Italian painter of the late Renaissance or Mannerist period, active both in his native city of Forlì and in Rome, where he died.

Camillo Porzio ( 1526 – 1580 ) was an Italian historian.