* 1509 – Étienne Dolet, French scholar ( d. 1546 )

* 1546 – Étienne Dolet, French scholar and printer ( b. 1509 )

* 1535 – Ippolito de ' Medici, Florence ruler ( b. 1509 )

* 1509 – Pope Julius II places the Italian state of Venice under interdict.

They were considered a Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until the 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of Protestant Reformers, including Martin Luther ( 1483 – 1546 ), John Calvin ( 1509 – 1564 ) and John Wesley ( 1703 – 1791 ).

* 1509 – Henry VIII ascends the throne of England on the death of his father, Henry VII.

* 1509 – Henry VII of England ( b. 1457 )

This idea was already rejected as untenable by John Calvin ( 1509 – 1564 ), and by the time of Thomas Hobbes ( 1588 – 1679 ) it was recognised that the book must have been written much later than the period it depicted.

In Scotland the only one which has survived the convulsions of the 16th century is Aberdeen Breviary, a Scottish form of the Sarum Office ( the Sarum Rite was much favoured in Scotland as a kind of protest against the jurisdiction claimed by the diocese of York ), revised by William Elphinstone ( bishop 1483 – 1514 ), and printed at Edinburgh by Walter Chapman and Andrew Myllar in 1509 – 1510.

* 1580 – Giovanni Morone, Italian cardinal ( b. 1509 )

* 1509 – The Battle of Diu, between Portugal and the Ottoman Empire takes place in Diu, India.

* Henry VII of England ( 1457 – 1509 )

Portuguese viceroy Afonso de Albuquerque ( 1509 – 1515 ) resolved to consolidate Portuguese holdings in Africa and Asia, and secure control of trade with the East Indies and China.

* 1509 – Henry VIII of England marries Catherine of Aragon.

* 1509 – John Calvin, French theologian and pastor ( d. 1564 )

* 1509 – Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon are crowned King and Queen of England.

* 1509 – The Emperor Krishnadeva Raya ascends to the throne, marking the beginning of the regeneration of the Vijayanagara Empire.

( 1997 ) The Wars of the Roses: Politics and the Constitution in England, c. 1437 – 1509.

So successful was the Sayfawa rejuvenation that by the early 16th century Mai Idris Katakarmabe ( 1487 – 1509 ) was able to defeat the Bulala and retake Njimi, the former capital.

* 1564 – John Calvin, French religious reformer ( b. 1509 )

* December 1 – Giovanni Morone, Italian cardinal ( b. 1509 )

Studi sul cardinal Giovanni Morone ( 1509 – 1580 ) e il suo processo d ' eresia, Brescia, Morcelliana, 2005

* Giovanni Morone ( 1509 – 1580 )

* Giovanni Girolamo Morone ( 1509 – 1580 ) ( 1542, 1570 )

In 1509, which saw the defeat of Venice in the War of the League of Cambrai, the estate on which the villa was to be built was bought by Leonardo di Giovanni Emo from the Barbarigo family.

* Giovanni Antonio Sangiorgio ( died 1509 ), Italian canon lawyer and Cardinal of Alessandria

* ( born 1500 / 1509 ): Giovanni Battista Castello, Italian historical painter ( died 1569 / 1579 )

Giovanni Battista Castello ( 1500 or 1509 – 1569 or 1579 ) was an Italian historical painter.

* Niccolò dell ' Abbate ( 1509 or 1512-1571 ), Italian painter

a satirical attack on the traditions of the European society, of the Catholic Church and popular superstitions, written in 1509, published in 1511, dedicated to his friend, Sir Thomas More, and inspired by De triumpho stultitiae, written by Italian humanist Faustino Perisauli born at Tredozio, near Forlì.

* October 2 – Bernardino Telesio, Italian philosopher and natural scientist ( b. 1509 )

Ravenna was ruled by Venice until 1509, when the area was invaded in the course of the Italian Wars.

If a satirical account in two poems by the poet William Dunbar is based in fact, the castle walls may have been the site of an attempt at human-powered flight, c. 1509, by the Italian alchemist and abbot of Tongland, John Damian.

* October 2-Bernardino Telesio, Italian philosopher ( born 1509 )

Bernardino Telesio () ( 1509 – 2 October 1588 ) was an Italian philosopher and natural scientist.

* Battle of Agnadello ( 1509 )-Bartolomeo d ' Alviano, for Venice, against France and Italian League

Niccolò dell ' Abbate, sometimes Niccolò, ( 1509 or 1512 – 1571 ) was an Italian painter and decorator.

Caterina Sforza, Countess of Forlì ( early 1463 – 28 May 1509 ) was an Italian noblewoman, the illegitimate daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan and Lucrezia Landriani, the wife of the courtier Gian Piero Landriani, a close friend of the Duke.

He took part in several battles in the Italian Wars, notably the inconclusive Battle of Fornovo ( 1495 ) and the victorious Battle of Agnadello ( 1509 ).

On his return to Verona his standing in his rione made him of use to Emperor Maximilian, who was headquartered in Verona from 1509 to 1517, during the episode of the Italian Wars called the War of the League of Cambrai, and not simply for painting imperial arms to replace those of Venice that had been effaced on Maximilian's orders.

A preliminary expedition, equipped at Cisneros ' expense, captured the port of Mers El Kébir in 1505 ; and in 1509 a strong force accompanied by the cardinal in person set sail for Africa, and in one day the wealthy city was taken by storm.