The use of the term was first attributed to Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard ( 1813 – 1855 ).

* 1813 – French Emperor Napoleon I defeats a larger force of Austrians, Russians, and Prussians at the Battle of Dresden.

* 1768 – Jean-Baptiste Bessières, French marshal ( d. 1813 )

In American history important spokesmen included Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur ( 1735 – 1813 ), and John Taylor of Caroline ( 1753 – 1824 ) in the early national period.

For a time he took into his family the young student Antoine-Frédéric Ozanam ( 1813 – 1853 ), one of the founders of the Conference of Charity, later known as the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul.

Some early scientists such as Georg Ernst Stahl ( 1659-1734 ) and Francisque Bouillier ( 1813 – 1899 ) had supported a form of animism which life and mind, the directive principle in evolution and growth, holding that all cannot be traced back to chemical and mechanical processes, but that there is a directive force which guides energy without altering its amount.

* 1813 – Jules Grévy, French politician, 3rd President of the French Republic ( d. 1891 )

* 1813 – Gervasio Antonio de Posadas joins Argentina's Second Triumvirate.

* 1813 – Jean Stas, Belgian chemist ( d. 1891 )

* 1813 – At the Battle of Grossbeeren, the Prussians under Von Bülow repulse the French army.

* 1813 – At the final stage of the Peninsular War, British-Portuguese troops capture the town of Donostia ( now San Sebastián ), resulting in a rampage and eventual destruction of the town.

* 1813 – Battle of Kulm: French forces are defeated by an Austrian-Prussian-Russian alliance.

* 1813 – Creek War – Fort Mims massacre: Creek " Red Sticks " kill over 500 settlers ( including over 250 armed militia ) in Fort Mims, north of Mobile, Alabama.

* 1813 – Princess Mathilde Caroline of Bavaria ( d. 1862 )

* 1813 – James McCune Smith, African-American doctor and abolitionist ( d. 1865 )

* 1813 – Instituto Nacional, is founded by the Chilean patriot José Miguel Carrera.

* 1813 – War of 1812: United States troops capture the capital of Upper Canada in the Battle of York ( present day Toronto, Canada ).

* 1813 – Zebulon Pike, American frontiersman and explorer ( b. 1779 )

His siblings included Sarah ( 1802 – 1859 ), Naphtali ( 1807 ), Ralph ( 1809 – 1898 ), and James ( 1813 – 1868 ).

This was inaugurated by Montalembert, but its literary advocates were chiefly Dom Gueranger, a learned Benedictine monk, abbot of Solesmes, and Louis François Veuillot ( 1813 – 1883 ) of the Univers ; and it succeeded in suppressing them everywhere, the last diocese to surrender being Orleans in 1875.

Following his conquest of most of Western Europe, the first Napoleon made his elder brother Joseph ( 1768 – 1844 ) king first of Naples ( 1806 – 1808 ) and then of Spain ( 1808 – 1813 ), his third brother Louis ( 1778 – 1846 ) king of Holland ( 1806 – 1810 ) ( subsequently forcing his abdication after his failure to subordinate Dutch interests to those of France ) and his youngest brother Jérôme Bonaparte ( 1784 – 1860 ) king of Westphalia, the short-lived realm created from some of the states of northwestern Germany ( 1807 – 1813 ).

* 1813 – Otto Ludwig, German writer and critic ( d. 1865 )

Otto Jahn ( June 16, 1813 – September 9, 1869 ), was a German archaeologist, philologist, and writer on art and music.

* Otto Herman Lode 1811 – 1813 ( acting )

* Otto Herman Lode 1811 – 1813 ( acting )

# John Georg Henry von Berenhorst ( Sandersleben, 26 October 1733 – Dessau, 30 October 1814 ), who married first in Zöberitz on 8 May 1781 to Katharina Christiane Maria Otto, but divorced in 1783 ; in Köthen on 26 October 1783 he married for a second time to Henriette Christine Karoline von Bülow ( Predel, 30 June 1765 – Dessau, 29 August 1813 ), with whom he had six children, one son, George John ( whose descendants in the male line became extinct in 1952 ), and five daughters: Louise Sophie, Eugenie Johanne ( d. in infancy ), Wilhelmine Henriette, Klara Hedwig, and Thekla Pauline, who, from her first marriage to Julius, Freiherr von Richthofen, was a great-grandmother of Manfred von Richthofen.

From 1813 to 1855, Johann Wilhelm David Korth ( 1783 – 1861 ) edited volumes 124 – 225, at times supported by co-authors Ludwig Kossarski and Carl Otto Hoffmann.

* Otto Waser: Anton Graff 1736 – 1813.

Markos's son, Dimitrios Botsaris, born in 1813, was three times minister of war during the reigns of Otto of Greece and George I of Greece.

Otto Ludwig ( February 11, 1813 – February 25, 1865 ) was a German dramatist, novelist and critic born in Eisfeld in Thuringia.

Early in 1813 Jahn took an active part in the formation of the famous Lützow Free Corps, a volunteer force in the Prussian army fighting Napoleon.

In Berlin he published his views of the chemical laws of nature in German and this was issued in French translation ( Paris, 1813 ) under the title Recherches Sur l'identite Des Forces chimiques et electriques, a work held in very high esteem by the new generation of research chemists.

* 1863 – Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German writer ( b. 1813 )

* 1837 – Georg Büchner, German playwright ( b. 1813 )

The Duchy's military forces, led by Józef Poniatowski, participated in numerous campaigns, including the Polish – Austrian War of 1809, the French invasion of Russia in 1812, and the German campaign of 1813.

* 1750 – Johann Gottfried Vierling, German organist and composer ( d. 1813 )

* Ludwig Jacoby, ( 1813 – 1874 ), born in Altstrelitz, an author and Methodist clergyman, commissioned as a missionary to St. Louis, Missouri, by the founder of the German Methodist Church in America, William Nast ( 1807 – 1899 ).

* 1813 – Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German writer ( d. 1864 )

* 1813 – Ludwig Leichhardt, German explorer ( d. 1848 )

* 1743 – Christian Ehregott Weinlig, German composer ( d. 1813 )

In the campaign of 1813 Allied forces in the German theater alone amounted to nearly one million whilst two years later in the Hundred Days a French decree called for the total mobilization of some 2. 5 million men ( though at most a fifth of this was managed by the time of the French defeat at Waterloo ).

Der Ring des Nibelungen ( The Ring of the Nibelung ) is a cycle of four epic operas by the German composer Richard Wagner ( 1813 – 83 ).

The city became the centre of the German Liberation movement against Napoleon, and the gathering place for volunteers from all over Germany, with the Iron Cross military decoration founded by Frederick William III of Prussia in early March 1813.

* December 13 – Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German writer ( b. 1813 )

* February 13 – Richard Wagner, German composer ( b. 1813 )

* February 19 – Georg Büchner, German playwright ( b. 1813 )

In 1810, Weber visited several cities throughout Germany ; from 1813 to 1816 he was director of the Opera in Prague ; from 1816 to 1817 he worked in Berlin, and from 1817 onwards he was director of the prestigious Opera in Dresden, working hard to establish a German Opera, in reaction to the Italian Opera which had dominated the European music scene since the 18th century.

Fran Miklošič ( also known in German as ) ( 20 November 1813 – 7 March 1891 ) was a Slovene philologist.

The military decoration called the Iron Cross which existed in the Kingdom of Prussia, and later in the German Empire and Third Reich, was established by King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia and first awarded on 10 March 1813 in Breslau ( now Wrocław in Poland ), during the Napoleonic Wars.

In the Battle of Lützen ( German: Schlacht von Großgörschen, May 2, 1813 ), Napoleon I of France halted the advances of the Sixth Coalition after his devastating losses in Russia.

Rose, who came from German Jewish ancestry, was born in 1813 in Ulster County, New York.

* February 13-Richard Wagner, German composer ( b. 1813 )

The Christian hymn " Be Still, My Soul ", written in German (" Stille meine Wille, dein Jesus hilft siegen ") in 1752 by Katharina Amalia Dorothea von Schlegel ( 1697 – 1768 ) and translated into English in 1855 by Jane Laurie Borthwick ( 1813 – 1897 ), is usually sung to this tune.

Johann Heinrich Joseph Düntzer ( July 12, 1813 – December 16, 1901 ), German philologist and historian of literature.