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* Makhir of Narbonne, medieval Jewish scholar
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Makhir and Narbonne
In 1972 historian Arthur Zuckerman published A Jewish Princedom in Feudal France, a book about the dynasty of Makhir of Narbonne published by Columbia University Press.
Makhir and medieval
In that book Zuckerman argued that it was possible that William of Gellone was in fact one of the sons of Makhir, who he identified with the individual known in medieval sources as " Theodoric, King of the Jews of Septimania.
Makhir and Jewish
The Babylonian names of Makhir, Hasdai, Sheshet and Shealtiel are the names of chief rabies and leaders-Nasi ( considered by the Jewish tradition as descendents of king David ) of the Jewish center.
Narbonne and medieval
Jacob ben Meir, one of the most prominent medieval rabbis, championed the viewpoint that all cheese was kosher, a standpoint which was practiced in communities in Narbonne and Italy.
The Roman model, the castrum with its grid plan and central forum, was inescapable in a region where Roman planning precedents remained in medieval cities like Béziers, Narbonne, Toulouse, Orange and Arles.
Narbonne and Jewish
He invited, according to Christian sources, prominent Jews from the Caliphate of Bagdad to settle in Narbonne and establish a major Jewish learning center for Western Europe.
In the 11th and 12th centuries, Narbonne was home to an important Jewish exegetical school, which played a pivotal role in the growth and development of the Zarphatic ( Judæo-French ) and Shuadit ( Judæo-Provençal ) languages.
( 1070 Barcelona, Spain – 1136 or 1145 Narbonne, France ) was a Jewish mathematician, astronomer and philosopher, also known as Savasorda ( from the Arabic صاحب الشرطة Ṣāḥib al-Shurṭa " Chief of the Police ") or Abraham Judaeus.
From this epoch ( 689 ) dates the earliest known Jewish inscription relating to France, that of Narbonne.
Moshe haDarshan ( 11th century ) ( Hebrew: משה הדרשן ) was chief of the yeshiva of Narbonne, and perhaps the founder of Jewish exegetical studies in France.
Benveniste, also Benvenist ( in Catalonia ), Benvenisti, Benvenista, Benvenisto, Ben-Veniste, Beniste ( in North Africa ) ( Spanish bien venida = welcome ) is the surname of an old, noble, rich, and scholarly Jewish family of Narbonne, France from the 11th century.
The Narbonne Jewish center was established, according to Jewish and Christian sources, by prominent Jews from Bagdad at the request of the Carolingian kings in the end of the first millennium AD.
medieval and Jewish
His tomb, according to a medieval Jewish tradition, is considered to be in a building not far from the Cave of the Patriarchs.
Demai ii. 23a, R. H. 34a ), one of which — that regulating the sounding of the shofar — has since been universally adopted, and is referred to by medieval Jewish casuists as " Takkanat R. Abbahu " ( the Enactment of R. Abbahu ; compare " Maḥzor Vitry ", Berlin, 1893, p. 355 ).
Heschel explicated many facets of Jewish thought including studies on medieval Jewish philosophy, Kabbalah, and Hasidism.
The idea of an artifact made conscious is an ancient theme of mythology, appearing for example in the Greek myth of Pygmalion, who carved a statue that was magically brought to life, and in medieval Jewish stories of the Golem, a magically animated homunculus built of clay.
* Ecclesia and Synagoga, meaning " Church and Synagogue ", are a pair of figures personifying the Roman Catholic Church and the Jewish synagogue found in medieval Christian art.
The word Tsar derives from Latin Caesar, but this title was used in Russia as equivalent to King ; the error occurred when medieval Russian clerics referred to the biblical Jewish kings with the same title that was used to designate Roman and Byzantine rulers-Caesar.
His works frequently cite Talmudic, Midrashic and medieval commentaries on Biblical creation accounts, such as commentaries written by the Jewish philosopher Nachmanides.
Besides the basic categories applied to the mitzvot in antiquity, during the medieval period Jewish law was classified by such works as Maimonides ' Mishneh Torah and Joseph Karo's Shulchan Aruch.
The Jews, who held a vulnerable position in medieval England, protected only by the king, were subject to huge taxes ; £ 44, 000 was extracted from the community by the tallage of 1210 ; much of it was passed on to the Christian debtors of Jewish moneylenders.
In September 2008, Vasilyev reported findings in Samosdelka that he thought represented a medieval Jewish capital.
Mosheh ben Maimon ( משה בן מימון ), called Moses Maimonides and also known as Mūsā ibn Maymūn (), or RaMBaM ( רמב " ם – Hebrew acronym for " Rabbi Mosheh Ben Maimon "), was a preeminent medieval Jewish philosopher and one of the most prolific and followed Torah scholars and physicians of the Middle Ages.
But Maimonides was also one of the most influential figures in medieval Jewish philosophy.
The Albeck edition of the Mishnah was vowelized by Hanokh Yellin, who made careful eclectic use of both medieval manuscripts and current oral traditions of pronunciation from Jewish communities all over the world.
The former is still studied today, while the latter was used by many medieval Jewish authorities.
This latter version ( Salomon Buber ) is quoted by the Shulkhan Arukh, as well as medieval Jewish authorities.
In agreement with prominent medieval Jewish thinkers including Maimonides, Kaplan affirmed that God is not personal, and that all anthropomorphic descriptions of God are, at best, imperfect metaphors.
Against this some medieval Jewish polemical texts connect notzrim with the netsarim " watchmen " of Ephraim in Jeremiah 31: 6.
However, many Jewish liturgical poems rhyme today, because they were written in medieval Europe, where rhymes were in vogue.
For instance, Radhanites were a medieval guild or group ( the precise meaning of the word is lost to history ) of Jewish merchants who traded between the Christians in Europe and the Muslims of the Near East.
Shelley also drew on European folklore, such as the medieval Jewish legend of the golem, and German, Czech and Moravian ghost stories featuring vengeful dead ( many of whom have characteristics of vampires rather than zombies ).
While it is neither required nor prohibited for Jews to eat meat, a number of medieval scholars of Jewish religion ( e. g., Joseph Albo and Isaac Arama ) regard vegetarianism as a moral ideal, not just because of a concern for the welfare of animals, but because the slaughter of animals might cause the individual who performs such acts to develop negative character traits.
* October 18 – Haim Shirman, Russian-born Israeli professor of medieval Spanish Jewish poetry ( d. 1981 )
Jewish communities are attested throughout the medieval period in Arta and Ioannina.
Charles of Anjou contributed to the early medieval revival of learning, often referred to as the " Latin " Renaissance, through his employment of several Jewish scholars at the University of Salerno and Naples, who were expert translators.
medieval and scholar
Another candidate for one of the first scholars to carry out comparative ethnographic-type studies in person was the medieval Persian scholar Abū Rayhān Bīrūnī in the eleventh century, who wrote about the peoples, customs, and religions of the Indian subcontinent.
Anacharsis, depicted as a medieval scholar in the Nuremberg Chronicle
Anaxagoras, depicted as a medieval scholar in the Nuremberg Chronicle
* Constantine of Preslav, a medieval Bulgarian scholar
During what is often referred to as the Islamic Golden Age, in order for a scholar to be qualified to issue a fatwā, it was required that he obtained an ijazat attadris wa ' l-ifta (" license to teach and issue legal opinions ") from a Madrassah in the medieval Islamic legal education system, which was developed by the 9th century during the formation of the Madh ' hab legal schools.
In a commentary of the hadith Sahih Muslim, entitled al-Minhaj, the medieval Islamic scholar Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi stated that " one of the collective duties of the community as a whole ( fard kifaya ) is to lodge a valid protest, to solve problems of religion, to have knowledge of Divine Law, to command what is right and forbid wrong conduct ".
Thomas Aquinas was the most important Western medieval legal scholar
So, for example, the 16th-century humanist scholar Polydore Vergil famously rejected the claim that Arthur was the ruler of a post-Roman empire, found throughout the post-Galfridian medieval " chronicle tradition ", to the horror of Welsh and English antiquarians.
Also, contrary to common belief, David Lindberg writes, " the late medieval scholar rarely experienced the coercive power of the church and would have regarded himself as free ( particularly in the natural sciences ) to follow reason and observation wherever they led ".
* 1929 – Norman Cantor, Canadian medieval scholar ( d. 2004 )
According to medieval scholar Richard Zeikowitz, the Green Knight represents a threat to homosocial friendship in his medieval world.
Zeno, portrayed as a medieval scholar in the Nuremberg Chronicle
Solon, depicted as a medieval scholar in the Nuremberg Chronicle
Another famous victim of castration was the medieval French philosopher, scholar, teacher, and ( later ) monk Pierre Abélard.
Muhammad ibn Zakariyā Rāzī ( Mohammad-e Zakariā-ye Rāzi ), known as Rhazes or Rasis after medieval Latinists ( August 26, 865 – 925 ), was a Persian polymath, a prominent figure in Islamic Golden Age, physician, alchemist and chemist, philosopher, and scholar.
The medieval scholar Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn Masudi ( d. 956 ) wrote that Allah commanded the Earth to absorb the water, and certain portions which were slow in obeying received salt water in punishment and so became dry and arid.
His annotations give a good idea of the wide variety of works available to a medieval scholar.
Posidonius, depicted as a medieval scholar in the Nuremberg Chronicle
* Saint Naum, medieval Bulgarian scholar
Theophrastus, depicted as a medieval scholar in the Nuremberg Chronicle
Sowa combines ideas from numerous disciplines and eras modern and ancient, for example, applying ideas from Aristotle, the medieval Scholastics to Alfred North Whitehead and including database schema theory, and incorporating the model of analogy of Islamic scholar Ibn Taymiyyah in his works.
An alternate etymology, proposed by the Dutch scholar Lauran Toorians, would derive the name Gawain not from the Middle Welsh Gwalchmei, but rather from the medieval Dutch name Walewein ( attested in Flanders and Northern France c. 1100 AD ).
His description of Avalon here, which is heavily indebted to the early medieval Spanish scholar Isidore of Seville ( being mostly derived from the section on famous islands in Isidore's famous work Etymologiae, XIV. 6. 8 " Fortunatae Insulae "), shows the magical nature of the island:
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