They range in size from the Chinese giant salamander ( Andrias davidianus ), which can grow to a length of, to the diminutive Thorius pennatulus from Mexico which seldom exceeds.

A number of fossil cryptobranchids have been found but there are only three living species, the Chinese giant salamander ( Andrias davidianus ), the Japanese giant salamander ( Andrias japonicus ) and the hellbender ( Cryptobranchus alleganiensis ) from North America.

Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup Y is otherwise found mainly among Nivkhs, and with lower frequency among Tungusic peoples, Koreans, Mongols ( including Kalmyks and Buryats ), Chinese, Japanese, Central Asians, South Siberian Turkic peoples ( e. g. Tuvans, Todjins, Soyots ), Koryaks, Alyutors, Itelmens, Taiwanese aborigines, Filipinos, Indonesians, and Malaysians.

Amaranth greens, also called Chau lai ( Hindi ) and Chu or Chua ( Kumauni ), Chinese spinach, hinn choy or yin tsoi (); callaloo, dhantinasoppu ( ದ ಂ ಟ ಿ ನ ಸ ೊ ಪ ್ ಪ ು) / harive ( ಹರ ಿ ವ ೆ) ( Kannada ); త ో టక ూ ర ( Telugu ); Rajgira ( र ा जग ी र ा) ( Marathi ); ம ு ள ை க ் க ீ ர ை ( Tamil ); cheera ച ീ ര ( Malayalam ); bayam ( Indonesian ); phak khom ผ ั กโขม ( Thai ); tampala, or quelite ( Oriya ); Khada Saga, are a common leaf vegetable throughout the tropics and in many warm temperate regions.

* Egg roll – While native Chinese spring rolls have a thin crispy skin with mushrooms, bamboo, and other vegetables inside, the Westernized version ( specifically the version found in such American Northeast metro areas as Boston and New York ) uses a thick, fried skin stuffed with cabbage and usually bits of meat or seafood ( such as pork or shrimp ), but no egg.

Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, Homeopathy and Naturopathy are cited as examples The term appears to have entered into usage through the National Institute of Health's National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine ( NCCAM ), which began to employ it as a substitute for alternative medical systems as a way of differentiating widely comprehensive systems of medicine, such as Ayurvedic medicine, from specialized alternative approaches.

* Aquila ( Chinese astronomy ), a traditional constellation

The Thai zodiac includes a Naga in place of the Dragon and begins, not at Chinese New Year, but at either on the first day of fifth month in Thai lunar calendar, or during the Songkran festival ( now celebrated every 13 – 15 April ), depending on the purpose of the use.

The system of Chinese astrology was elaborated during the Zhou dynasty ( 1046 – 256 BC ) and flourished during the Han Dynasty ( 2nd century BC to 2nd century AD ), during which all the familiar elements of traditional Chinese culture – the Yin-Yang philosophy, theory of the 5 elements, Heaven and Earth, Confucian morality – were brought together to formalise the philosophical principles of Chinese medicine and divination, astrology and alchemy.

** " ABC " ( Jin song ), Jin's first single off his 4th album " ABC " ( American-born Chinese )

Modern weapons include the Russian ZSU-23-4 Shilka and Tunguska-M1, South Korean K30 Biho and K263A1 radar-guided Vulcan, Chinese Type 95 SPAAA, Swedish CV9040 AAV, Polish PZA Loara, American M6 Bradley Linebacker and M1097 Humvee Avenger, Yugoslavian BOV-3, Canadian ADATS, aging German Gepard, Japanese Type 87 SPAAG and similar versions with the British Marksman turret ( which was also adapted for a number of other users ), Italian SIDAM 25 and Otomatic, and versions of the French AMX-13.

* Au ( surname ), a Chinese family name

** Ai Weiwei ( born 1957 ), Chinese artist, curator, architectural designer, cultural and social commentator, dissident, disappeared April 2011

* Beidou ( disambiguation ), Chinese name of Big Dipper

), Brassica rapa ( turnip, Chinese cabbage, etc.

During the Sino-Japanese War ( 1937 – 1945 ) and World War II ( 1939 – 1945 ), the Special Research Units of the Imperial Japanese Army, such as Unit 731, conducted human experimentation on thousands of Chinese, among others.

Genetically altered mammalian cells, such as Chinese Hamster Ovary cells ( CHO ), are also used to manufacture certain pharmaceuticals.

In Chinese manuscripts, gold, camphor, tortoise shells, hornbill ivory, rhinoceros horn, crane crest, beeswax, lakawood ( a scented heartwood and root wood of a thick liana, Dalbergia parviflora ), dragon's blood, rattan, edible bird's nests and various spices were among the most valuable items from Borneo.

Chinese characters can also be written in either direction as well as vertically ( top to bottom then right to left ), especially in signs ( such as plaques ), but the orientation of the individual characters is never changed.

The racial makeup of Berkeley was 66, 996 ( 59. 5 %) White, 11, 241 ( 10. 0 %) Black or African American, 479 ( 0. 4 %) Native American, 21, 690 ( 19. 3 %) Asian ( 8. 4 % Chinese, 2. 4 % Indian, 2. 1 % Korean, 1. 6 % Japanese, 1. 5 % Filipino, 1. 0 % Vietnamese, 0. 3 % Pakistani, 0. 3 % Thai, 0. 2 % Nepalese ), 186 ( 0. 2 %) Pacific Islander, 4, 994 ( 4. 4 %) from other races, and 6, 994 ( 6. 2 %) from two or more races.

In addition to battling the armies of other European Empires ( and of its former colonies, the United States, in the American War of 1812 ), in the battle for global supremacy, the British Army fought the Chinese in the First and Second Opium Wars, and the Boxer Rebellion, Māori tribes in the first of the New Zealand Wars, Nawab Shiraj-ud-Daula's forces and British East India Company mutineers in the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the Boers in the First and Second Boer Wars, Irish Fenians in Canada during the Fenian raids and Irish separatists in the Anglo-Irish War.

* Gautama Buddha ( 563 BCE-483 BCE ), founder of Buddhist school of thought

* Dignāga ( c. 500 ), one of the founders of Buddhist school of Indian logic.

Amara seems to have been a Buddhist, and most of his work was destroyed, with the exception of what is the celebrated Amara-Kosha ( Treasury of Amara ), a vocabulary of Sanskrit roots, in three books, and hence sometimes called Trikanda or the " Tripartite ".

He pointed out that implicit in the early Buddhist concept of dependent origination is the lack of any substantial being ( anatta ) underlying the participants in origination, so that they have no independent existence, a state identified as emptiness ( śūnyatā ), or emptiness of a nature or essence ( svabhāva ).

Buddhist vegetarian chefs have become extremely creative in imitating meat using prepared wheat gluten, also known as " seitan " or " wheat meat ", soy ( such as tofu or tempeh ), agar, and other plant products.

During the classical era of Buddhist philosophy in India, philosophers such as Dharmakirti argue for a dualism between states of consciousness and Buddhist atoms ( the basic building blocks that make up reality ), according to " the standard interpretation " of Dharmakirti's Buddhist metaphysics.

Today, she is remembered chiefly for her alleged affair with a Buddhist monk named Dōkyō ( 道鏡 ), a man she honored with titles and power.

According to the Buddhist tradition, the Buddha first taught the four noble truths in the very first teaching he gave after he attained enlightenment, as recorded in the discourse Setting in Motion the Wheel of the Dharma ( Dharmacakra Pravartana Sūtra ), and he further clarified their meaning in many subsequent teachings.

According to the Buddhist point of view, once we have developed a genuine understanding of the causes of suffering, such as craving ( tanha ) and ignorance ( avijja ), then we can completely eradicate these causes and thus be free from suffering.

200 BCE ), author of Sanskrit ( Hindu ) and Pali ( Buddhist ) animal fables in verse and prose, sometimes derived from Jataka tales.

This view was elaborated in traditional Jain cosmology and Buddhist cosmology, which depicts the cosmos as a vast, flat oceanic disk ( of the magnitude of a small planetary system ), bounded by mountains, in which the continents are set as small islands.

In Japan, hearses, called " reikyusha " ( 霊柩車 ), can come in two styles: " Foreign " style, which is similar in build and style to an American hearse, or a " Japanese " style, in which the rear area of the vehicle is modified to resemble a small, ornate Buddhist temple.

Buddhist doctrines are reported to have reached as far as Balkh even during the life of the Buddha ( 563 BC to 483 BC ), as recorded by Husang Tsang.

In the latter painting on silk ( image and description provided in the link ), bald-headed Buddhist Luohan are depicted in a practical setting of washing clothes by a river.

* U Dhammaloka (? Laurence Carroll ), Buddhist monk and anti-missionary agitator in Burma, born in Dublin

The Buddhist cultures of Southeast Asia, including Myanmar ( Burma ), Thailand, Laos and Cambodia traditionally harvested ivory from their domesticated elephants.

It was followed closely in popularity by the Komeito ( Clean Government Party ), founded in 1964 as the political arm of the Soka Gakkai ( Value Creation Society ), until 1991 a lay organization affiliated with the Nichiren Shoshu Buddhist sect.

Wilfred Cantwell Smith traced the story from a 2nd to 4th century Sanskrit Mahayana Buddhist text, to a Manichee version, which then found its way into Muslim culture as the Arabic Kitab Bilawhar wa-Yudasaf ( Book of Bilawhar and Yudasaf ), which was current in Baghdad in the 8th century.

At this time a Buddhist priest by the name of Kenjun ( 1547 – 1636 ), who lived in northern Kyūshū, began to compose for the koto, calling the style " tsukushi goto ".

After the Uyghur empire disintegrated a branch of the Uyghurs migrated to oasis settlements in the Tarim Basin and Gansu, such as Karakhoja ( Gaochang ) and Kumul ( Hami ), and set up a confederation of decentralized Buddhist states called Kara-Khoja.

Buddhist remains have been also found in Minicoy Island, then part of the Maldive Kingdom, by the Archaeological Survey of India ( ASI ), in the latter half of the 20th century.

* Mon ( architecture ), gates at Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines, and castles in Japan