Far away in Baghdad, the current Abbasid caliph, al-Mansur, had long been planning to depose the Umayyad who dared to call himself emir of al-Andalus.

In 750 the Abbasid dynasty overthrew the Umayyad caliph and shifted the capital to Baghdad, with emirs retaining nominal control over the Libyan coast on behalf of the far-distant caliph.

The tenth Umayyad caliph, Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, built a palatial complex known as Khirbet al-Mafjar about one mile north of Tell as-Sultan in 743, and two mosques, a courtyard, mosaics, and other items from it can still be seen in situ today, despite its having been partially destroyed in an earthquake in 747.

One of the earliest examples of these kinds of conversions was in Damascus, Syria, where in 705 Umayyad caliph Al-Walid I bought the church of St. John from the Christians and had it rebuilt as a mosque in exchange for building a number of new churches for the Christians in Damascus.

The first minaret was constructed in 665 in Basra during the reign of the Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I. Muawiyah encouraged the construction of minarets, as they were supposed to bring mosques on par with Christian churches with their bell towers.

However, the Umayyad caliph Umar II later forbade non-Muslims from entering mosques, and his ruling remains in practice in present day Saudi Arabia.

Mecca re-entered Islamic political history briefly when it was held by Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, an early Muslim who opposed the Umayyad caliphs and again when the caliph Yazid I besieged Mecca in 683.

In 718, the Umayyad caliph Umar II strictly forbade collection of jizya from Muslim converts.

* After a forty-year vacancy, Stephen becomes Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch at the suggestion of Umayyad caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik.

* Umayyad caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ( 724 – 743 ) is succeeded by al-Walid II ibn Abd al-Malik ( 743 – 744 ).

* February 6 – Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, Umayyad caliph

* April 16 – al-Walid II ibn Abd al-Malik, Umayyad caliph

* Umayyad caliph Yazid II ibn Abd al-Malik ( 720 – 724 ) is succeeded by Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ( 724 – 743 ).

* Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, Umayyad caliph ( b. 646 )

* Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I is succeeded by Yazid I ibn Muawiyah.

* The Umayyad caliph Yazid I ( 680 – 683 ) is succeeded by Muawiya II ibn Yazid ( 683 – 684 ).

* Yazid I, Umayyad caliph

* The Umayyad caliph Marwan I ( 684 – 685 ) is succeeded by Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ( 685 – 705 ).

* Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik, Umayyad caliph ( b. 674 )

* Umayyad caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz is succeeded by Yazid II ibn Abd al-Malik.

* Hisham II the Nephast is restored as Umayyad caliph of Córdoba, succeeding Muhammad II al-Mahdi.

* Suleiman II is restored as Umayyad caliph of Cordoba, succeeding Hisham II.

* Abd-ar-Rahman IV succeeds Suleiman II as Umayyad caliph.

* Al-Abbas ibn al-Walid, Umayyad prince and general

* Umayyad Caliph al-Walid I begins the Great Mosque of Damascus.

* Umayyad Caliphate: Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan dies and is succeeded by his son al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik.

* Umayyad Caliph al-Walid I is succeeded by Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik.

The mosque was originally a small prayer house built by the Rashidun caliph Umar, but was rebuilt and expanded by the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik and finished by his son al-Walid in 705 CE.

The palace Khirbat al-Minya was built by the lake during the reign of the Umayyad caliph al-Walid I ( 705 – 715 CE ).

He wrote letters replying to inquiries of the Umayyad caliphs, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan and al-Walid I, involving questions about certain events that happened in the time of the Prophet.

Yazid ibn al-Walid ibn ' Abd al-Malik or Yazid III ( 701 – 25 September 744 ) () was an Umayyad caliph.

It supports the Umayyad dynasty up to but not including " the enemy of Allah " al-Walid II, at which point it lays out Yazid's version of the event at al-Bakhra '.

– 25 January 750 ) () was an Umayyad caliph, and a son of Caliph al-Walid I ( r. 705 – 715 ).

The fiercest attack of all against Antioch was conducted in 713 by the Umayyad prince al-Abbas ibn al-Walid, the son of Caliph al-Walid I. Antioch never recovered and hundreds years of glamour vanished.

* Ibrahim ibn al-Walid, an Umayyad caliph who ruled for a short time in 744.

The sixth Umayyad caliph, al-Walid I ( r. 705 – 715 ), commissioned the construction of a mosque on the site of the Byzantine cathedral in 706.

Abd ar-Rahman II () ( 788 – 852 ) was Umayyad Emir of Córdoba in the Al-Andalus ( Moorish Iberia ) from 822 until his death.

Abd ar-Rahman IV Mortada ( عبدالرحمن ) was the Caliph of Cordoba in the Umayyad dynasty of the Al-Andalus ( Moorish Iberia ), succeeding Suleiman II, in 1018.

He was a direct descendant of the last of the Umayyad caliphs, Marwan II, and was thus connected with the Umayyad rulers in Spain, and seems to have kept up a correspondence with them and to have sent them some of his works.

After the victory of blossameg Leo was dispatched on a diplomatic mission to Alania and Lazica to organize an alliance against the Umayyad Caliphate under Al-Walid I. Leo was appointed commander ( stratēgos ) of the Anatolic theme by Emperor Anastasius II.

* 750: The last Umayyad Caliph Marwan II ( 744 – 750 ) is overthrown and executed by the first Abbasid Caliph, Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah.

* After the defeat of his army in the Battle of the Zab the last Umayyad Caliph, Marwan II, is overthrown and killed.

* Abd-ar-rahman II becomes ruler of Umayyad Spain.

Al Khamis Mosque, founded in 692, was one of the earliest mosques built in Bahrain, in the era of Umayyad caliph Umar II.

During the reign of the Umayyad caliph Marwan II Harran became the seat of the caliphal government of the Islamic empire stretching from Spain to Central Asia.

The Great Mosque of Córdoba, begun in 785 under the last of the Umayyad caliphs, was enlarged by Al-Hakam II between 961 and 976 to include four domes and a remodeled mihrab.

He was a contemporary of Abd ar-Rahman II, Umayyad Emir of Córdoba.