Then they suggested Mu ' awiya ( founder of the Umayyad Caliphate ), but the Caliph again said no.

Abd ar-Rahman IV Mortada ( عبدالرحمن ) was the Caliph of Cordoba in the Umayyad dynasty of the Al-Andalus ( Moorish Iberia ), succeeding Suleiman II, in 1018.

Abd ar-Rahman V () was an Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba.

In the agony of the Umayyad dynasty in the Al-Andalus ( Moorish Iberia ), two princes of the house were proclaimed Caliph of Cordoba for a very short time, Abd-ar-Rahman IV Mortada ( 1017 ), and Abd-ar-Rahman V Mostadir ( 1023 – 1024 ).

Mu ' awiyah became the sixth Caliph, establishing the Umayyad Dynasty.

Caliph Al-Walid I had paid great attention to the expansion of an organized military, building the strongest navy in the Umayyad Caliphate era ( the second major Arab dynasty after Mohammad and the first Arab dynasty of Al-Andalus ).

The rulers of Al-Andalus were granted the rank of Emir by the Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid I in Damascus.

In 691, Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik ( 685 – 705 ) constructed the Dome of the Rock shrine on the Temple Mount.

The Arabs were Umayyad forces sent by Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik and serving under his brother Maslamah ibn Abd al-Malik.

After the establishment of a local Emirate, Caliph Al-Walid I, ruler of the Umayyad caliphate, removed many of the successful Muslim commanders.

Then, in 929 the Emir of Córdoba ( Abd-ar-Rahman III ), the leader of the Umayyad dynasty, declared himself Caliph, independent from the Abbasids in Baghdad.

* 750: The last Umayyad Caliph Marwan II ( 744 – 750 ) is overthrown and executed by the first Abbasid Caliph, Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah.

* October 3 or October 4 – Yazid III, Umayyad Caliph ( b. 701 )

* After the defeat of his army in the Battle of the Zab the last Umayyad Caliph, Marwan II, is overthrown and killed.

* Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib is assassinated ; with his assassination the Rashidun Caliphate ends and Muawiyah I founds the Umayyad caliphate.

* Umayyad Caliph al-Walid I begins the Great Mosque of Damascus.

* Umayyad Caliphate: Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan dies and is succeeded by his son al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik.

The tomb of Prophet Muhammad later became part of the mosque when it was expanded by the Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid I.

* January-Abd ar-Rahman V, Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba ( murdered )

The Umayyad dynasty was expelled, driven back to Al-Andalus where Abd ar-Rahman I established an emirate in Córdoba in opposition to the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad.

Most historians consider Caliph Muawiyah ( 661 – 80 ) to have been the second ruler of the Umayyad dynasty, even though he was the first to assert the Umayyads ' right to rule on a dynastic principle.

In 711, Tariq ibn Ziyad, under the orders of the Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid I, led a large army from the north coast of Morocco on April 29 711.

` Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ( ‘ Abd al-Malik ibn Marwān ), ( 646 – 8 October 705 ) was the 5th Umayyad Caliph.

* Umayyad caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ( 724 – 743 ) is succeeded by al-Walid II ibn Abd al-Malik ( 743 – 744 ).

* Umayyad caliph al-Walid II dies and is succeeded by his brother Yazid III, who dies shortly after.

* April 16 – al-Walid II ibn Abd al-Malik, Umayyad caliph

* Al-Abbas ibn al-Walid, Umayyad prince and general

The mosque was originally a small prayer house built by the Rashidun caliph Umar, but was rebuilt and expanded by the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik and finished by his son al-Walid in 705 CE.

The palace Khirbat al-Minya was built by the lake during the reign of the Umayyad caliph al-Walid I ( 705 – 715 CE ).

He wrote letters replying to inquiries of the Umayyad caliphs, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan and al-Walid I, involving questions about certain events that happened in the time of the Prophet.

Yazid ibn al-Walid ibn ' Abd al-Malik or Yazid III ( 701 – 25 September 744 ) () was an Umayyad caliph.

It supports the Umayyad dynasty up to but not including " the enemy of Allah " al-Walid II, at which point it lays out Yazid's version of the event at al-Bakhra '.

– 25 January 750 ) () was an Umayyad caliph, and a son of Caliph al-Walid I ( r. 705 – 715 ).

The fiercest attack of all against Antioch was conducted in 713 by the Umayyad prince al-Abbas ibn al-Walid, the son of Caliph al-Walid I. Antioch never recovered and hundreds years of glamour vanished.

* Ibrahim ibn al-Walid, an Umayyad caliph who ruled for a short time in 744.

The sixth Umayyad caliph, al-Walid I ( r. 705 – 715 ), commissioned the construction of a mosque on the site of the Byzantine cathedral in 706.

Abd al-Rahman I, or, his full name by patronymic record, Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu ' awiya ibn Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ( 731 – 788 ) ( Arabic: عبد الرحمن الداخل ) was the founder of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba ( 755 ), a Muslim dynasty that ruled the greater part of Iberia for nearly three centuries ( including the succeeding Caliphate of Córdoba ).

Following at the Battle of Uhud in 625, it is said that after killing Hamzah ibn Abdu l-Muṭṭalib, his liver was consumed by Hind bint ‘ Utbah ( the wife of Abû Sufyan ibn Harb one of the commanders of the Qurayš army ) who later reportedly converted to Islam and became the mother of Muawiyah I founder of the Islamic Umayyad Caliphate.

After the victory of blossameg Leo was dispatched on a diplomatic mission to Alania and Lazica to organize an alliance against the Umayyad Caliphate under Al-Walid I. Leo was appointed commander ( stratēgos ) of the Anatolic theme by Emperor Anastasius II.

One of the earliest examples of these kinds of conversions was in Damascus, Syria, where in 705 Umayyad caliph Al-Walid I bought the church of St. John from the Christians and had it rebuilt as a mosque in exchange for building a number of new churches for the Christians in Damascus.

The first minaret was constructed in 665 in Basra during the reign of the Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I. Muawiyah encouraged the construction of minarets, as they were supposed to bring mosques on par with Christian churches with their bell towers.

Mecca re-entered Islamic political history briefly when it was held by Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, an early Muslim who opposed the Umayyad caliphs and again when the caliph Yazid I besieged Mecca in 683.

* Abd-ar-Rahman I lands in Spain, where the next year he will establish a new Umayyad dynasty.

* November – al-Andalus: the Umayyad emir, al-Hakam I, reasserts his control over the city of Toledo, autonomous since 797 ; to this effect the emir has over 700 locals killed in what came to be known as the " day of the trench ".

* Abd-ar-rahman I conquers Iberia and re-establishes the Umayyad dynasty at Cordoba in modern Spain.

* Abd-ar-rahman I, founder of the Spanish Umayyad dynasty

* Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I is succeeded by Yazid I ibn Muawiyah.

* The Umayyad caliph Yazid I ( 680 – 683 ) is succeeded by Muawiya II ibn Yazid ( 683 – 684 ).

* Yazid I, Umayyad caliph

* The Umayyad caliph Marwan I ( 684 – 685 ) is succeeded by Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ( 685 – 705 ).

* Yazid I, a caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty

* Muhammad I of Córdoba, leader of the Umayyad dynasty