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Af is the force required to cut a coating of thickness T from the substrate.
from
Brown Corpus
Some Related Sentences
Af and is
The Bureau is pursuing an active program to provide a temperature scale and thermometer calibration services in the range 1.5 to 20 Af.
Several germanium resistors have been thermally cycled from 300 to 4.2 Af and their resistances have been found to be reproducible within 1/3 millidegree when temperatures were derived from a vapor pressure thermometer whose tubing is jacketed through most of the liquid helium.
A study of the hydrogen line profiles indicates that a measurement of these profiles can be used to calculate a temperature for the arc plasma that is reliable to about Af percent.
The lower number is always divided into the upper number: Af
The formula is: Af.
Cylinder volume is determined in exactly the same manner as for the displacement formula: Af.
The formula for this step is: Af.
To determine car speed for a given combination of engine speed, gear ratio, and tire size, the formula is: Af.
To determine engine speed for a given combination of the other three factors the formula is: Af.
To determine the rear axle gear ratio for a combination of the other three factors, the formula is: Af.
Presently, the 742C is available in Af.
Note: If 1/2-inch panel board is used inside and out, or 5/8-inch one side and 3/8-inch the other, and 1/8-inch glass is used, stock lumber in Af, Af, and Af can be used in making the glass panels.
There is no better way to waste time than trying to install a furnace in a finished Af closet.
The result of the observations is Af where the phase angle, Q, is measured in degrees from new moon and the probable errors include absolute as well as relative errors.
In free-burning electric arcs, for instance, approximately 90% of the total arc power is transferred to the anode giving rise to local heat fluxes in excess of Af as measured by the authors -- the exact value depending on the arc atmosphere.
The heat transfer to the anode in free burning arcs is enhanced by a hot gas jet flowing from the cathode towards the anode with velocities up Af.
The mean temperature of the surface was then computed according to the following relation: Af where x is the fraction of the plug area covered by the hot spot.
The total heat flux from the porous plug into the plug holder is thereby Af.
The radiation loss from the anode surface was computed according to Af where Af is the mean of the fourth powers of the temperatures Af and Af calculated analogously to equation ( 1 ).
Af and force
The concept of the strain energy as a Gibbs function difference Af and exerting a force normal to the shearing face is compatible with the information obtained from optical birefringence studies of fluids undergoing shear.
From this and the force of deformation it should be possible to calculate the elastic energy of deformation which should be equal to the Af calculated from the pressure normal to the shearing face.
Af is the shear force along the shear plane ; ;
Af is the normal compressive force acting on the shear plane ; ;
Af is the friction force between chip and knife surfaces, and P is the normal force acting on the face of the knife.
An analysis of the vector relationships shows that the rake angle **yc and the friction angle **yt determine the vector direction Af of the force resultants R and Af.
In actual practice, the values most readily amenable to measurement are the cutting force Af and the shear angle Aj.
From Fig. 6 the relationship between these parameters can readily be derived and the cutting force is Af where **yl is the shear strength of the coating and is a parameter of the coatings material, W is the width of the removed coating and T is its thickness.
If the cutting force, Af, is plotted against film thickness, a straight line should result passing through the origin and having slope Af.
Because the rake angle Af at the tip of the knife is very much smaller ( or even negative ) when compared to the value of **yc for the major portion of the knife, a very rapid increase in cutting force with thickness will result.
The resultant friction force, Af is thus directly proportional to Af and consequently also to film thickness.
The value of Af can readily be assessed by determining the frictional force exerted on the knife while running over the previously stripped coating track under various external loadings.
The measured force, H, in cutting removal of coatings from their substrates consequently can be seen to be the sum of that force required to cut the coating, Af, that due to the bluntness of the knife, Af, and that due to the friction between the bottom of the knife and the substrate, Af, or Af.
Af and required
in interstellar gas, concentrations as low as Af molecules per Af may be sufficient, as compared to the Af hydrogen atom's Af required for detection of the 21-cm line.
The temperature was maintained to within about Af for the period of time required to make the measurement ( usually about one hour ).
The address Af and the number of cells required to store the form are written in Af ; ;
For the small diameter fibers now technically feasible and required for about 100 Af resolution, Af.
Thus a number of operations of the order of Af are required.
If all the operating variables were varied simultaneously, Af operations would be required to do the same job, and as R increases this increases very much more rapidly than the number of operations required by the dynamic program.
Af and cut
Now lay 12 pieces of Af cut 5-3/4'' '' long side by side but separated by 12 pieces of the same material 1/2'' '' sq..
Now cut five Af locking bar spacers ( which run horizontally ).
All the bars are cut from Af brass.
The filler panels for the gable ends are cut from full Af sheets as shown, leaving no wastage.
The mixture was then extracted with alkali and with water following which the carbon tetrachloride was distilled on a Vigreux column, a 25% center cut being retained which was then degassed under vacuum in the presence of Af.
On C there is a Af correspondence in which the Af points cut from C by a general line, l, of the pencil correspond to the point of intersection of the image of L and the plane of the pencil.
0.186 seconds.