Jacob Burckhardt, in his cultural classic The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, observed that hierarchy, exclusionary and inherited caste structure was pervasive in Italy, from the nobili caste to the merchants to the peasants.

The site remained unknown to the Western world until 1812, when it was introduced by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt.

The first European to describe them was Swiss traveller Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1812.

It is commonly accepted that the first systematic attempt at human psychosurgery was conducted by the Swiss psychiatrist Gottlieb Burckhardt in the late 1880s.

He differed significantly from Burckhardt in that he did not think there was any physical anatomical pathology in the brains of the mentally ill, but rather that their neural pathways were caught in fixed and destructive circuits As he wrote in 1936:

Later, Burckhardt was condemned for his methodology while Moniz's more favorable results earned him acceptance within the psychology community.

A significant advantage of this approach was that, unlike the position adopted by Burckhardt, it was unfalsifiable according to the knowledge and technology of the time as the absence of a known correlation between physical brain pathology and mental illness could not disprove his thesis.

One of his most widely exhibited and best loved works of the 1880s was The Lady with the Rose ( 1882 ), a portrait of Charlotte Burckhardt, a close friend and possible romantic attachment.

Zedler could rely on the support of Jacob August Franckenstein, a professor of natural and international law at the University of Leipzig, and was a friend of the publisher of New Learned Works, Johann Burckhardt Mencke.

Johann Ludwig ( also known as John Lewis, Jean Louis ) Burckhardt ( November 24, 1784 – October 15, 1817 ) was a Swiss traveller and orientalist.

Burckhardt was born in Lausanne.

Upon acceptance Burckhardt planned to travel to the Levant in order to study Arabic, in the belief that his journey to Africa would be facilitated if he was accepted to be as a Muslim.

Burckhardt was portrayed by Thomas Lockyer in the 2005 BBC docudrama Egypt.

The first English translation was done in partial form by Angela Culme-Seymour from the French translation of Titus Burckhardt as Wisdom of the Prophets ( 1975 ), and the first full translation was by Ralph Austin as Bezels of Wisdom ( 1980 ).

the 19th century by Jacob Burckhardt, who was Swiss historian

The first provisional orbit was computed in June by Johann Karl Burckhardt.

Carl Jacob Christoph Burckhardt ( Basel, May 25, 1818 – August 8, 1897 in Basel ) was a historian of art and culture, and an influential figure in the historiography of each field.

The temple was forgotten until 1813, when Swiss orientalist Jean-Louis Burckhardt found the top frieze of the main temple.

Burckhardt talked about his discovery with Italian explorer Giovanni Belzoni, who travelled to the site, but was unable to dig out an entry to the temple.

Kugler's pupil, the great Swiss art historian Jacob Burckhardt, though he could not be called a specialist in medieval art, was an important figure in developing the understanding of it.

The city of Petra was brought to the attention of Westerners by the Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1812.

The critic and historian Jacob Burckhardt was from Basel.

As originally conceived and practiced by 19th Century Swiss historian Jakob Burckhardt with regard to the Italian Renaissance, cultural history was oriented to the study of a particular historical period in its entirety, with regard not only for its painting, sculpture and architecture, but for the economic basis underpinning society, and the social institutions of its daily life as well.

Burckhardt left England in March 1809 for Malta, whence he proceeded, in the following autumn, to Aleppo, Syria in order to perfect his Arabic and study Islamic Law.

Titus Burckhardt ( Ibrahim Izz al-Din after his Islamic name ), a German Swiss, was born in Florence, Italy in 1908 and died in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1984.

The Harvard orientalist Ananda Coomaraswamy and the Swiss art historian Titus Burckhardt also became prominent advocates of this point of view.

Wölfflin studied art history and history with Jakob Burckhardt at the University of Basel, philosophy with Wilhelm Dilthey at Berlin University, art history and philosophy at Munich University where his father had taught.

For Wölfflin, the 16th-century art now described as " Mannerist " was part of the Baroque aesthetic, one that Burckhardt before him as well as most French and English-speaking scholars for a generation after him dismissed as degenerate.

Göring was a relative of numerous descendants of the Eberle / Eberlin in Switzerland and Germany, among them German Counts Zeppelin, including aviation pioneer Ferdinand von Zeppelin ; German nationalistic art historian Hermann Grimm ( author of concept of the German hero as a mover of history that was embraced by the Nazis ); the Swiss historian of art and cultural, political and social thinker Jacob Burckhardt ; Swiss diplomat, historian and President of International Red Cross Carl J. Burckhardt ; the Merck family, the owners of the German pharmaceutical giant Merck ; major German Catholic writer and poet Gertrud von Le Fort.

Jakob Burckhardt was a famous writer on Italian art, while Jakob Frey ( 1824 – 1875 ) continued the work of Bitzius by his tales of Swiss peasant life.

In 1999, with another group of collaborators, notably the Italian architecture collective, Gruppo A12, net programmer Daniel Burckhardt, Brazilian artist Roberto Cabot, Thing. net founder Wolfgang Staehle, as well as the Equator group, Philip Pocock produced H | u | m | b | o | t for the ZKM Center for Art and Media's net_condition exhibition in Karlsruhe, Germany, initiated with support from the Goethe-Institut, Caracas, Venezuela.

Glance at the list: Burckhardt, Tolstoy, Proudhon, Thoreau, London, Marx, Tawney, Mayo, Durkheim, Tannenbaum, Mumford, A. R. Heron, Huxley, Schweitzer, and Einstein.

At Kuffeir near Bostra in Syria, Burckhardt found stone doors, 9 to.

In the 19th century Jacob Burckhardt viewed Eusebius as ' a liar ', the “ first thoroughly dishonest historian of antiquity .” Ramsay MacMullen in the 20th century regarded Eusebius's work as representative of early Christian historical accounts in which “ Hostile writings and discarded views were not recopied or passed on, or they were actively suppressed ..., matters discreditable to the faith were to be consigned to silence .” As a consequence this kind of methodology in MacMullens view has distorted modern attempts, ( e. g. Harnack, Nock, and Brady ), to describe how the Church grew in the early centuries.

* Averil Cameron ( professor at King's College and Oxford ) and Stuart Hall ( historian and theologian ), in their recent translation of the Life of Constantine, point out that writers such as Burckhardt found it necessary to attack Eusebius in order to undermine the ideological legitimacy of the Habsburg empire, which based itself on the idea of Christian empire derived from Constantine, and that the most controversial letter in the Life has since been found among the papyri of Egypt.

" Jacob Burckhardt portrayed Alberti in The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy as a truly universal genius.

" Burckhardt also mentions Alberti's love for animals.

However, the nineteenth-century Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt noted that Jean Buridan had climbed the same mountain a few years before, and ascents accomplished during the Middle Ages have been recorded, including that of Anno II, Archbishop of Cologne.

The Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt ( 1818 – 1897 ) in his Die Cultur der Renaissance in Italien ( 1860 ), by contrast, defined the Renaissance as the period between Giotto and Michelangelo in Italy, that is, the 14th to mid-16th centuries.

Both Michelet and Burckhardt were keen to describe the progress made in the Renaissance towards the modern age.

Burckhardt likened the change to a veil being removed from man's eyes, allowing him to see clearly.

The modern history of psychosurgery begins in the 1880s under the Swiss psychiatrist Gottlieb Burckhardt.

The first systematic attempt at human psychosurgery is commonly attributed to the Swiss psychiatrist Gottlieb Burckhardt.

In December 1888 Burckhardt operated on the brains of six patients ( one of whom died a few days after the operation ) at the Préfargier Asylum, cutting out a piece of cerebral cortex.

Burckhardt operated on the brains of six patients ( one of whom died a few days after the operation ) at Préfargier Asylum, cutting out a piece of cerebral cortex.

It has precedents, however, in the history of philosophy, the history of ideas, and in cultural history as practiced since Burckhardt or indeed since Voltaire.

But in 1951, the Neuen Helvetischen Gesellschaft ( New Swiss Society ), under the leadership of Emil Egli, got 150, 000 Swiss citizens to sign a petition protesting the project ; among the signatories were 49 famous citizens, including Hermann Hesse and Carl Jacob Burckhardt.