Now, although the roots of the mystery story in serious literature go back as far as Balzac, Dickens, and Poe, it was not until the closing decades of the 19th century that the private detective became an established figure in popular fiction.

This Europeanization of the law was made explicit by a number of 19th century scholars.

The Civil War was a significant force in the eventual dominance of the singular usage by the end of the 19th century.

In the zoological sciences, some of his observations were confirmed to be accurate only in the 19th century.

His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic.

With the Prior Analytics, Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and his conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until 19th century advances in mathematical logic.

The term was originally coined in the 19th century by the founding sociologist and philosopher of science, Auguste Comte, and has become a major topic for psychologists ( especially evolutionary psychology researchers ), evolutionary biologists, and ethologists.

From its beginnings in the early 19th century through the early 20th century, anthropology in the United States was influenced by the presence of Native American societies.

In Greece, there was since the 19th century a science of the folklore called laographia ( laography ), in the form of " a science of the interior ", although theoretically weak ; but the connotation of the field deeply changed after World War II, when a wave of Anglo-American anthropologists introduced a science " of the outside ".

The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century ; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century.

Early 19th century.

In the Middle Bronze Age an apparently " alphabetic " system known as the Proto-Sinaitic script is thought by some to have been developed in the Sinai peninsula during the 19th century BC, by Canaanite workers in the Egyptian turquoise mines.

From the 19th century it once again became more and more popular.

Yombe people | Yombe-sculpture, 19th century

Portugal has been present in Angola for 400 years, occupied the territory in the 19th and early 20th century, and ruled over it for about 50 years.

Distinctions in vocabulary persist, for example, in culinary terms, where communication with Germans is frequently difficult, and administrative and legal language, which is due to Austria's exclusion from the development of a German nation-state in the late 19th century and its manifold particular traditions.

Until the late 19th century, the axiom of choice was often used implicitly, although it had not yet been formally stated.

The Iron is a famous 19th century landmark in central Norrköping

The museum can be found in the 19th century building The Iron in the Motala ström river in central Norrköping.

With the beginning of the slow decline of the Ottoman Empire in the early 19th century, and as a result of the expansionist policies of Czarist Russia in the Caucasus, many Muslim nations and groups in that region, mainly Circassians, Tatars, Azeris, Lezgis, Chechens, and several Turkic groups left their ancestral homelands and settled in Anatolia.

Later in the 19th century, other missionaries adapted Evans ' system to other Canadian aboriginal languages.

Charles Dickens was a prominent English author of the 19th century.

Leo Tolstoy was a prominent Russian author of the 19th century.

At last the White House is going to get some much-copied furniture by that master American craftsman, Duncan Phyfe, whose designs were snubbed in his lifetime when the U. S. Presidents of the 19th Century sent abroad for their furnishings.

The 18th and 19th centuries saw an influx of naturalists, writers, and artists, in particular the Romantics, followed by the golden age of alpinism as mountaineers began to ascend the peaks.

The present building sits on the site of a hunting lodge built by the Earl of Cavan in the 19th century.

The development of toolpath control via jigs, fixtures, for machine tools ( such as the screw-cutting lathe, metal planer and milling machine ) during the early 19th century provided the prerequisites for the modern assembly line by making interchangeable parts a practical reality.

Being very difficult to measure, only about 60 stellar parallaxes had been obtained by the end of the 19th century, mostly by use of the filar micrometer.

Many Christian denominations have been influenced by Arminian views, notably the Baptists ( See A History of the Baptists Third Edition by Robert G. Torbet ) in the 16th century, the Methodists, the Congregationalists of the early New England colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries and the Universalists and Unitarians in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Benzene, C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 6 </ sub >, is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon and was recognized as the first aromatic hydrocarbon, with the nature of its bonding first being recognized by Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz in the 19th century.

These authors, the former a medieval historian and the latter an early modernist, quickly became associated with the distinctive Annales approach, which combined geography, history, and the sociological approaches of the Année Sociologique ( many members of which were their colleagues at Strasbourg ) to produce an approach which rejected the predominant emphasis on politics, diplomacy and war of many 19th and early 20th-century historians as spearheaded by historians whom Febvre called Les Sorbonnistes.

A tremendous religious movement swept the U. S. in the early 19th century, marked by the growth and popularity of churches and religious revivals that got their start in Kentucky and Tennessee.

Throughout European history, philosophers such as Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, among others, contemplated the possibility that souls exist in animals, plants, and people ; however, the currently accepted definition of animism was only developed in the 19th century by Sir Edward Tylor, who created it as " one of anthropology's earliest concepts, if not the first ".

There, in one of the major Swiss engineering feats of the 19th century, the Jura water correction, the river, which had previously rendered the countryside north of Bern a swampland through frequent flooding, was diverted by the Hagneck Canal into Lake of Bienne.

Aachen became attractive as a spa by the middle of the 17th century, not so much because of the effects of the hot springs on the health of its visitors but because Aachen was then — and remained well into the 19th century — a place of high-level prostitution in Europe.

Traces of this hidden agenda of the city's history is found in the 18th century guidebooks to Aachen as well as to the other spas ; the main indication for visiting patients, ironically, was syphilis ; only by the end of the 19th century had rheuma become the most important object of cures at Aachen and Burtscheid.

In the 19th century, Chinese in San Francisco operated sophisticated and sometimes luxurious restaurants patronized mainly by Chinese, while restaurants in smaller towns served what their customers requested, ranging from pork chop sandwiches and apple pie to beans and eggs.

The latter manuscript was severely damaged in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the authorship of the verse has been much disputed ; but likely it also is by Alfred.

In the course of the 19th century similar groups were founded in a number of countries, including the " Oblates of St Charles ", established in London by Cardinal Nicholas Wiseman.

* Anastasius, a novel by Thomas Hope in the early 19th century.

Using comparative linguistic evidence from continental Germanic sources, the 19th century scholar Jacob Grimm proposed the existence of a cognate form of Ēostre among the pre-Christian beliefs of the continental Germanic peoples, whose name he reconstructed as * Ostara.

In the 19th century Jacob Burckhardt viewed Eusebius as ' a liar ', the “ first thoroughly dishonest historian of antiquity .” Ramsay MacMullen in the 20th century regarded Eusebius's work as representative of early Christian historical accounts in which “ Hostile writings and discarded views were not recopied or passed on, or they were actively suppressed ..., matters discreditable to the faith were to be consigned to silence .” As a consequence this kind of methodology in MacMullens view has distorted modern attempts, ( e. g. Harnack, Nock, and Brady ), to describe how the Church grew in the early centuries.

* Jacob Burckhardt ( 19th century cultural historian ) dismissed Eusebius as " the first thoroughly dishonest historian of antiquity ".

Jacob Piatt Dunn, longtime secretary of the Indiana Historical Society, noted that " hoosier " was frequently used in many parts of the South in the 19th century for woodsmen or rough hill people.

Two authoritative versions of the Ashkenazi siddur were those of Shabbetai Sofer in the 16th century and Seligman Baer in the 19th century ; siddurim have also been published reflecting the views of Jacob Emden and the Vilna Gaon.

During the late 19th century, corsets became smaller, less bulky and constricting, and were gradually supplanted by the brassiere, first patented in the 20th century by Mary Phelps Jacob.

" In the 19th century, Jacob Grimm proposed a cognate in the personified rumor in Roman mythology ; Fama.

Another well-known version was recorded by the German brothers Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm in the 19th century.

A different hypothesis, proposed in the 19th century by Jacob Grimm and others, derives the name from * heru -, a word for ' sword ' ( cf.

The term was introduced into European linguistics by Jacob Grimm in the early 19th century, so the spelling sch is German in origin.

Jacob City history goes back as far as the early 19th century when many former Slaves move from Webbville to isolate themselves from harassment from the whites in Webbville, most of whose residents moved to Marianna in 182.

By the late 19th century, St. Mary Missionary Baptist church was built on what is now now Main Street and is commemorated by a Jacob City historical marker.

In the early 19th century, John Jacob Astor purchased wampum from the Campbells to trade with the Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest whose beaver pelts he turned into men's hats.

It was named after Rosendale's founder, Jacob Rutsen, and mined throughout the late 19th century for the dolostone that was used in the manufacture of natural cement.

In the early 19th century, Jacob Stem used the water to establish the area's first saw and grist mills.

* 19th Century Sculpture Derived From Greek Hellenistic Influence: Jacob Ungerer

Rabi found the answer in a book by the 19th century mathematician Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi.

Jacob Schiff played a major role as a leader of the American Jewish community in the late 19th century.

22 April 2007 < http :// www. dnr. state. mn. us / state_parks / itasca / narrative. html ></ ref > In the late 19th century, Jacob V. Brower, historian, anthropologist and land surveyor, came to the park region to settle the dispute of the actual location of the Mississippi's headwaters.

The study of archaeological remains in the Itasca area was started by Jacob V. Brower in the late 19th century.

The Itasca State Park Site was discovered and excavated by Jacob Brower in the late 19th century.

Several other major sites exist in Itasca, including the Headwaters Site, which is located along the northeast shore of Lake Itasca, and a village site discovered by Jacob Brower in the late 19th century.

The first president of the City Bank was the statesman and retired Colonel, Samuel Osgood, ownership and management of the bank was taken over by Moses Taylor, a protégé of John Jacob Astor and one of the giants of the business world in the 19th century.

By way of linguistic reconstruction, the matter of a Proto-Germanic goddess called * Austrō has been examined in detail since the foundation of Germanic philology in the 19th century by scholar Jacob Grimm and others.