By 1701 England was at war with France and Spain.

By the terms of the English Act of Settlement 1701, George's mother, Sophia, was designated as the heir to the English throne if the then reigning monarch ( William III ) and his sister-in-law, Princess Anne of Denmark ( later Queen Anne ) died without surviving issue.

By the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1701, he had developed a plan for the Wittelsbachs to supplant the Habsburgs as Holy Roman Emperors.

By 1701 for every local there were two foreign pupils ; this was used as a way to generate funds for the school as fees increased.

By 1660, French fur trappers based in Montreal pushed west along the Great Lakes and founded Green Bay, Saint Ignace, Sault Sainte Marie, Vincennes, and Detroit in 1701.

A sketch of the York Castle site in around 1730 ; left to right, the site of the former bailey, including the Sessions House, the County Gaol and the Jury House ; Clifford's Tower, with the River Foss in front and the River Ouse, Yorkshire | Ouse behind ; Samuel Waud's house and gardens By 1701, the conditions of the county jail had become scandalous and the decision was taken to redevelop the area occupied by the old bailey.

By quiet diplomacy, and the help of Madame de Maintenon, she succeeded, and in 1701 she accompanied the young queen to Spain.

By 1701 the palace had begun to deteriorate badly.

By the Act of Settlement 1701, Parliament passed the line of succession to Electress Sophia of Hanover ; this decision was confirmed and extended to all of Great Britain by the Acts of Union 1707.

By 1701, only 180 persons remained in the colony, the rest having died from malnutrition and disease.

By marrying Frederick, she became Electress of Brandenburg in 1688, and after the elevation of Brandenburg-Prussia to a kingdom in 1701, she became the first Queen in Prussia.

By contrast, the British press were jubilant ; many newspapers sought to portray the battle as a victory for Britain over anarchy, and the success was used to attack the supposedly pro-republican Whig politicians Charles James Fox and Richard Brinsley Sheridan.

By 1908, James Dewar and H. Kamerlingh Onnes were successfully able to liquify hydrogen and then newly-discovered helium, respectively.

By, Somers was at the end of his tether, and sold the team to a syndicate headed by Chicago railroad contractor James C. " Jack " Dunn.

By 1827, he had abandoned law and embarked on a geological career that would result in fame and the general acceptance of uniformitarianism, a working out of the idea proposed by James Hutton a few decades earlier.

By 1952, Ted White had mimeographed a four-page pamphlet about Superman, and James Taurasi issued the short-lived Fantasy Comics.

By allying himself with the Catholics, Dissenters, and nonconformists, James hoped to build a coalition that would advance Catholic emancipation.

By the early 3rd century, Origen of Alexandria may have been using the same 27 books as in the modern New Testament, though there were still disputes over the canonicity of Hebrews, James, II Peter, II and III John, and Revelation Such works that were sometimes " spoken against " were called Antilegomena.

By the reign of King James I & VI, the process was completed with the plantation of the last remaining princely domains in the province of Ulster.

By March 1957, a full year after the release of " Please, Please, Please ", most members of the Famous Flames had left the group after the group's new manager, Universal Attractions Agency Chief Ben Bart, insisted that the group's billing be " James Brown and The Famous Flames ".

By this time billionaire Sir James Goldsmith had set up his own Referendum Party, siphoning off some Conservative support, and at the 1997 General Election many Conservative candidates were openly expressing reluctance to join.

By August 1809, diplomatic relations with Britain deteriorated as minister David Erskine was withdrawn and replaced by " hatchet man " Francis James Jackson ; Madison however, resisted calls for war.

The award is named for Alice B. Sheldon, who wrote under the pseudonym James Tiptree, Jr. By choosing a masculine nom de plume, having her stories accepted under that name and winning awards with them, Sheldon helped demonstrate that the division between male and female science fiction writing was illusory.

By the early 200s, Origen may have been using the same twenty-seven books as in the Catholic New Testament canon, though there were still disputes over the canonicity of the Letter to the Hebrews, Epistle of James, II Peter, II John and III John and the Book of Revelation, known as the Antilegomena.

By this time, the pollution from burning coal and steel production created a black fog ( or smog ), which even a century earlier had induced author writer James Parton to dub the city " hell with the lid off ".

By the term " divine " James meant " any object that is godlike, whether it be a concrete deity or not " to which the individual feels impelled to respond with solemnity and gravity.

By the early 20th century, interest in reincarnation had been introduced into the nascent discipline of psychology, largely due to the influence of William James, who raised aspects of the philosophy of mind, comparative religion, the psychology of religious experience and the nature of empiricism.

A brief analysis of Reverse Polish Notation against Direct Algebraic Logic – By James Redin

" By this, James meant that truth is a quality, the value of which is confirmed by its effectiveness when applying concepts to practice ( thus, " pragmatic ").

By chance, Sally Hemings, a younger sister of James, was chosen ; she lived in the Jefferson household in Paris for about two years.

By 1844, the Whigs began their recovery by nominating Henry Clay, who lost to Democrat James K. Polk in a closely contested race, with Polk's policy of western expansion ( particularly the annexation of Texas ) and free trade triumphing over Clay's protectionism and caution over the Texas question.

* Fixing UNRWA: Repairing the UN's Troubled System of Aid to Palestinian Refugees ( By James G. Lindsay, Washington Institute for Near East Policy: January 2009 )

By the end of the year, however, Madrid was recovered by an army led by King Philip V and the Duke of Berwick ( the illegitimate son of James II of England, serving in the French army ).

By the 12th and final season, series regular James MacArthur had left the show ( in 1996, he admitted that he had become tired and wanted to do other things ), as had Kam Fong.

By 1792, a party division had emerged between Federalists led by Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, who desired a stronger federal government with a leading role in the economy, and the Democratic-Republicans led by Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson and Representative James Madison of Virginia, who favored states ' rights and opposed Hamilton's economic program.

By the time of his fifth win of the year at the British GP, he had more than double the points of his closest challengers Jody Scheckter and James Hunt, and a second consecutive World Championship appeared a formality.

By the time Allen reached his teens, the area, while still a difficult area in which to make a living, began to resemble a town, with wood-frame houses beginning to replace the rough cabins of the early settlers.

By March 1774, the harsh treatment of settlers and their property by Allen and the Boys prompted Tryon to increase some of the rewards to £ 100.

By May 7, these men joined Allen and 130 Boys at Castleton.

By the end of October, Allen was again off New York, where the British, having secured the city, moved the prisoners on-shore, and, as he was considered an officer, gave Allen limited parole.

* Dice against the Nazis: Propaganda aimed to reduce fear, By Clive Gilbert and Kevin Allen, BBC News Magazine, 24 August 2007.

By the end of the decade, he had moved to the United States, but his choice of roles was often criticisedhe admitted to and has since made many self-deprecating comments about taking parts, strictly for the money, in numerous films he knew to be bad, despite working with Hollywood's highly regarded directors such as Irwin Allen, Richard Fleischer, Michael Ritchie and Oliver Stone.

By 1965 – 1966 after the Green Gallery and the Ferus Gallery closed the Leo Castelli Gallery represented Rosenquist, Warhol, Rauschenberg, Johns, Lichtenstein and Ruscha, The Sidney Janis Gallery represented Oldenburg, Segal, Wesselmann and Marisol, while Allen Stone continued to represent Thiebaud, and Martha Jackson continued representing Robert Indiana.

By at least 1890, John R. Allen had become the postmaster and the office was moved inside the present city limits.

By 1817, the United States had created the Hog Creek Reservation for the local Shawnee, covering portions of what would become Allen and Auglaize counties, and including part of present-day Lima.

By 1968, drummer Dale Griffin and organist Verden Allen had joined the band.

By the end of the month, Rick Allen, then only 15 years old, had joined the band as its full-time drummer.

By 2001 the partners Chris Deckker, Mark Allen, Phil Ross and Janice Duncan were worn out and all but gone their separate ways.

By March 1988, the impressive result Muren and fellow designer David Allen ( Young Sherlock Holmes, Ghostbusters II ) achieved what would represent a breakthrough for computer-generated imagery ( CGI ).

By the evening of the match, Madison Square Garden had a circus-like atmosphere, with scores of policemen to control the crowd, outrageously dressed fans, and countless celebrities, from Norman Mailer and Woody Allen to Frank Sinatra, who, after being unable to procure a ringside seat, took photographs for Life magazine instead.

By early March, Paul Allen, Bill Gates, and Monte Davidoff, another Harvard student, had created a BASIC interpreter that worked under simulation on a PDP-10 mainframe computer at Harvard.

* The Great Citrus Book: A Guide With Recipes By Allen Susser

By the mid 1990s, Miramax had expanded to distribute the films of many notable independent-minded filmmakers like Quentin Tarantino and Woody Allen.

By 1985, sales were over $ 140 million, by 1990, $ 1. 18 billion, and by 1995, Microsoft was the world's most profitable corporation, Allen and Gates were billionaires, and literally thousands of their past and present employees were millionaires.

By 1985, sales were over $ 140 million, by 1990, $ 1. 18 billion, and by 1995, Microsoft was the world's most profitable corporation, Allen and Gates were billionaires, and literally thousands of their past and present employees were millionaires.

By 1768 Allen, together with John Barnard and William Cudworth from London, helped establish congregations in York, Norfolk, Colne, Wethersfield, Liverpool, Whitehaven, Trowbridge and Nottingham.

By the 1980s, sneakers were everywhere ; Woody Allen wore them to the ballet, Led Zeppelin wore them in their 1976 documentary, and Dustin Hoffman wore them while playing reporter Carl Bernstein in the movie All the President's Men.

By 1759 he reported that in the Bog of Allen and of canal from the River Liffey near Sallins towards Dublin were complete.

By 1930, over 40 percent of all the arable land in Puerto Rico had been converted into sugar plantations, which were entirely owned by Charles Allen and U. S. banking interests.

By October of the next year, 1730, Allen and Hamilton began the purchase of lots on Chestnut Street at their own expense, the property on which the Pennsylvania State House, later known as Independence Hall, was to be erected.