By 1931, the band theory of conduction had been established by Alan Wilson and the concept of band gaps had been developed.

By injecting minority carriers ( holes ) from the collector p + region into the n-drift region during forward conduction, the resistance of the n-drift region is considerably reduced.

By doing so, they increase heart rate and conduction velocity.

By contrast, the Fermi energy lies in the conduction band in metals.

By writing and controlling the amount of charge placed on the FG, the FG controls the conduction state of the MOSFET FLASH device depending on the VT of the cell selected.

* By thermal conduction

By formulating conduction in terms of the hopping integral, however, the Hubbard model is able to include the so-called ' onsite repulsion ', which stems from the Coulomb repulsion between electrons at the same atomic orbitals.

By the time Lilian had been graduated from public school, her parents were doing quite well.

By submerging the patient in a tub and rotating the transducer while the scanning goes on, they have been able to get cross-section views of the neck, as shown in Fig. 7, as well as many other hitherto impossible insights.

By the time pupils reach the sixth grade, their ethical and moral standards are fairly well developed ; ;

By tradition, a red wine should be served at approximately room temperature -- if anything a little cooler -- and be aged enough for the tannin and acids to have worked out and the sediment have settled well.

By relaxing the throat muscles and expanding the oral cavity well into the frontal sinuses, she could direct the vowel sounds into the most felicitous position for proper reproduction through her throat microphone.

By the end of his life Huxley was widely acknowledged as one of the pre-eminent intellectuals of his time and respected as an important researcher into visual communication and sight-related theories as well.

By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La Tène culture was well established.

By 1946, as the growing fellowship quarreled over structure, purpose, and authority, as well as finances and publicity, Wilson began to form and promote what became known as AA's Twelve Traditions, guidelines for an altruistic, unaffiliated, non-coercive, and non-hierarchical structure that limited AA's purpose to only helping alcoholics on a non-professional level while shunning publicity.

By virtue of Article II of the Treaty of Union, which defined the succession to the throne of Great Britain, the Act of Settlement became part of Scots Law as well.

By late 1983 it was clear that IBM's Token Ring would not be ready in time for the launch of the Mac, and might miss the launch of these other products as well.

By the 4th century AD artists had started debating in writing over the proper goals of art as well.

By this time Naples seems to have become tired of his music ; the Romans, however, appreciated it better, and it was at the Teatro Capranica in Rome that he produced some of his finest operas ( Telemaco, 1718 ; Marco Attilio Regolò, 1719 ; La Griselda, 1721 ), as well as some noble specimens of church music, including a mass for chorus and orchestra, composed in honor of Saint Cecilia for Cardinal Acquaviva in 1721.

By 1792 the colony was well established, though Sydney remained an unplanned huddle of wooden huts and tents.

By decree of pope Leo X they were created papal nobles, ranking as Comes palatinus (' Count Palatine '), familiars and members of the papal household, so that they might enjoy all the privileges of domestic prelates and of prelates in actual attendance on the Pope, as regards plurality of benefices as well as expectives.

As performer and producer he is very well known as KING BEE .. With his second floor filler Back By Dope Demand he scored one of the biggest hiphop hits.

By the time of his death, Mahmud ruled a vast empire that stretched from Kurdistan to the entire Hindu Kush region as far east as the Punjab as well as territories far north of the Amu Darya.

By 1911 the site had been overgrown with vallonea oaks and much plundered, but the circuit of the old walls could still be traced, and in several places they were fairly well preserved.

By the mid late 18th century developments in cheaper zinc distillation such as John-Jaques Dony's horizontal furnaces in Belgium and the reduction of tariffs on zinc as well as demand for corrosion resistant high zinc alloys increased the popularity of speltering and as a result cementation was largely abandoned by the mid 19th century.

By age twenty, she had met and befriended the important, and pivotal, landscape painter of the Barbizon School, Camille Corot, who excelled in figure painting as well.

By the 18th century, they were printed in white letter or roman type and often without much decoration ( as well as tune title ).

By now she was pretty well used to these funny ways of his.

By definition, where a director enters into a transaction with a company, there is a conflict between the director's interest ( to do well for himself out of the transaction ) and his duty to the company ( to ensure that the company gets as much as it can out of the transaction ).

By 1935 Wills had added horn, reed players as well as drums to the Playboys.

By then, the Texas Playboys were virtually two bands: one a fiddle-guitar-steel band with rhythm section and the second a first-rate big band able to play the day's swing and pop hits as well as Dixieland.

By the well ordering principle, if there are positive integers that satisfy a given property, then there is a smallest positive integer that satisfies that property ; therefore, there is a smallest positive integer satisfying the property " not definable in under eleven words ".

By now Harmony could see that most of the adults in the train were winded and resting, or else siphoned off from the games by the challenging lure of the great cliff towering above them.

By early June they were a hundred miles off the coast of Ceylon, by which time all four missionaries were hardened seafarers.

By this time, as we shall see, the Tories were already planning to `` punish '' Steele for his political writing by expelling him from the House of Commons.

By now he was undergoing a fresh torrent of abuse from Tory papers and pamphlets, and action was being taken to effect his punishment by expulsion from Parliament.

By now he had become Regius Professor of Modern History at Cambridge and had been honored by the award of the Order of Merit.

Suggest the following twenty-first-century amendment: By moving the term `` Republic '' to lower case, substituting the modern phrase, `` move ahead '' for the stodgy `` keep '', and by using the Postmaster's name on every envelope ( in caps, of course, with the `` in spite '' as faded as possible ), the slogan cannot fail.

When they came to Mr. Jack's photograph, twenty by twelve inches in a curly silver frame, Miss Ada said, `` By rights I ought to leave that, seeing he won't take my clotheshorse ''.

By making inroads in the name of law enforcement into the protection which Congress has afforded to the marriage relationship, the Court today continues in the path charted by the recent decision in Wyatt v. United States, 362 U.S. 525, where the Court held that, under the circumstances of that case, a wife could be compelled to testify against her husband over her objection.

By 1937 he had clarified his intentions to serve his people: `` I have striven for clarity and melodious idiom, but at the same time I have by no means attempted to restrict myself to the accepted methods of harmony and melody.

By this method it was determined that the normal pressure exerted by a sample of polybutene ( molecular weight reported to be 770 ) was over half an atmosphere.

By ( 1 ), the image of this pencil is a ruled surface of order Af which is met by the plane of the pencil in a curve, C, of order Af.

By this procedure rinsing progresses in two stages, first by dilution until the time when the drains are separated and thereafter by displacement of the soil-bearing liquor by clean rinse water, since soiled liquor squeezed from the specimens at the nip passes directly to waste from the suds box drains.

By preying on the sick, by playing callously on the hopes of the desperate, by causing the sufferer to delay proper medical care, these medical ghouls create pain and misery by their very activity.

By springtime, he was supported by a rich merchant syndicate under the patronage of Henry, Prince of Wales.

By rough estimate her Committee, headed by Henry Francis Du Pont, contains three times as many Republicans as Democrats.

By 1910 the courts were crowded with cases, many of them brought by freebooters who trafficked in disputed inventions.

By the time Felix turned up it was early afternoon, which, one would think, would be late enough so that by then, except for small children and a few hardy souls who had not yet sobered up, it could have been expected that people would no longer be having any sort of active interest in the previous night's noisemakers and paper hats.

By July 1, six weeks from now, motel-keepers all over the nation will, by 6 p.m., be switching on that bleak -- to motorists -- sign, `` No Vacancy ''.

: By all admired, and by all reverenced ;

It has also been argued that A Modest Proposal was, at least in part, a response to the 1728 essay The Generous Projector or, A Friendly Proposal to Prevent Murder and Other Enormous Abuses, By Erecting an Hospital for Foundlings and Bastard Children by Swift's rival Daniel Defoe.

By the 27th century BC Egyptian writing had a set of some 24 hieroglyphs which are called uniliterals, to represent syllables that begin with a single consonant of their language, plus a vowel ( or no vowel ) to be supplied by the native speaker.