By the mid-20th century many rhyming slang expressions used the names of contemporary personalities, especially actors and performers: for example " Gregory Peck " meaning " neck " and also " cheque "; " Ruby Murray " meaning " curry "; " Alans ", meaning " knickers " from Alan Whicker ; " Max Miller " meaning " pillow " when pronounced / ˈpilə / and " Henry Halls ".

By the nature of contemporary computers most of the database part inside a computer that hosts the DBMS resides ( partially replicated ) in volatile storage.

By the nature of contemporary computers most of the database part inside a computer that hosts the DBMS resides ( partially replicated ) in volatile storage.

By contemporary Florentines ( and since ), he was known as " Lorenzo the Magnificent " ( Lorenzo il Magnifico ).

By the 16th century the vihuela's construction had more in common with the modern guitar, with its curved one-piece ribs, than with the viols, and more like a larger version of the contemporary four-course guitars.

By contrast with hoplites, other contemporary infantry ( e. g. Persian ) tended to wear relatively light armour, use wicker shields, and were armed with shorter spears, javelins, and bows.

By the 19th century, Romantic critics valued Hamlet for its internal, individual conflict reflecting the strong contemporary emphasis on internal struggles and inner character in general.

By the late 18th century, with both religious and mytholological painting in decline, there was an increased demand for paintings of scenes from history, including contemporary history.

By contrast the interior, with its contemporary wood panelling, is in the same, highly contemporary Elizabethan fashion of Leicester's building in the inner court.

By 1870, The Joseph Dixon Crucible Company was the world ’ s largest dealer and consumer of graphite and later became the contemporary Dixon Ticonderoga pencil and art supplies company.

By recalling the significance of old myths, he encouraged awareness of them and the creation of myths for the contemporary age.

By the end of the 15th century, the population in Stockholm can be estimated to 5, 000 – 7, 000 people, which made it a relatively small town compared to several other contemporary European cities.

By the mid 18th century, this form of sushi had reached Edo ( contemporary Tokyo ).

By the beginning of the 19th century, the area that would eventually become the South African Republic was home to thousands of human settlements, including chiefdoms, villages and substantial towns such as Dithakong, whose population was comparable in size to that of contemporary early 19th century Cape Town.

By tradition, he was born in what is now Nakamura-ku, Nagoya ( situated in contemporary Aichi District, Owari Province ), the home of the Oda clan.

By the close of 1868, Mussorgsky had already started and abandoned two important opera projects — the antique, exotic, romantic tragedy Salammbô, written under the influence of Alexander Serov's Judith, and the contemporary, Russian, anti-romantic farce Marriage, influenced by Alexander Dargomyzhsky's The Stone Guest.

By the turn of the 21st century, the climate of scholarly opinion shifted somewhat on this belief: some contemporary researchers argue that publishing plays was a risky and marginal business — though this conclusion has been disputed by others.

By convention, a contemporary mixture of pigments that replaces a historical pigment is indicated by calling the resulting color a hue, but manufacturers are not always careful in maintaining this distinction.

By 500 BC most contemporary Greek philosophers considered the Earth to be spherical — there was obvious evidence for this from the behavior of objects near the horizon.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the Plains tribes had largely been assimilated into contemporary Taiwanese culture as a result of European and Han colonial rule.

By 1903, Peugeot produced half of the cars built in France, and they offered the Bébé, a four-seater, and an and resembling contemporary Mercedes models.

By the late 1860s, Degas had shifted from his initial forays into history painting to an original observation of contemporary life.

By exploiting ethnic differences in speech, gesture, and movement, Parsons rendered the clash between two opposing cultures not only contemporary but also poignant.

By this account Hermes Trismegistus was either, according to the fathers of the Christian church, a contemporary of Moses or the third in a line of men named Hermes, i. e. Enoch, Noah and the Egyptian priest king who is known to us as Hermes Trismegistus, or " thrice great " on account of being the greatest priest, philosopher and king.

By both standards Thomas had the right to be proud.

By political, economic, geographic and natural standards, they were justified in doing so.

By supporting the efforts of the many faculty members who are working to attain ever higher standards, the president can encourage faculty leadership.

By the time pupils reach the sixth grade, their ethical and moral standards are fairly well developed ; ;

By the standards of 19th century tycoons, Carnegie was not a particularly ruthless man but a humanitarian with enough acquisitiveness to go in the ruthless pursuit of money ; on the other hand, the contrast between his life and the lives of many of his own workers and of the poor, in general, was stark.

By 1987 Ethernet was clearly winning the standards battle over Token Ring, and in the middle of that year Apple introduced EtherTalk 1. 0 for the newly released Macintosh II computer.

By US legal standards this Italian culvert is an arch bridge

By introducing the high standards of Boasian anthropology, Sapir did incite antagonism from those amateur ethnologists who felt that they had contributed important work.

By Haitian standards, Magloire's rule was firm, but not harsh: he jailed political opponents, including Fignolé, and shut down their presses when their protests grew too strident, but he allowed labor unions to function, although they were not permitted to strike.

By the 1980s, though, as living standards increased, many instruments that were once too expensive to buy could be bought by the Taiwanese in preference to the harmonica.

By world standards, production costs for Iraqi oil are relatively low.

By today's standards, the quake ranged from 8. 4 to 8. 8 on the Richter Scale, slightly stronger than the San Francisco earthquake of 1906.

By the end of 2007, standards and government authorities including IEC, IEEE, EU, and NIST proposed standards for binary prefixes and requiring the use of megabyte to strictly denote 1000 < sup > 2 </ sup > bytes and mebibyte to denote 1024 < sup > 2 </ sup > bytes.

By her days ' standards, the articles were extremely frank in their discussion of sexuality, and many New York Call readers were outraged by them, at least one of them wrote a letter in response canceling her subscription.

By colonial standards, public services were generally well-organised and praised for their efficiency.

By that time, Sudan had one of the lowest penetration rates ( 0. 23 %) even by regional standards.

By the standards of Karachi politics, where rallies of over fifty thousand people are common, this is regarded as unexpectedly small.

By the Asuka period, true sake — made from rice, water, and kōji mold (, Aspergillus oryzae )— was the dominant alcohol and had a very low content by non-Japanese standards.

By the end of 1990, most of the work on mapping existing character encoding standards had been completed, and a final review draft of Unicode was ready.

By the standards of the time, Venice's stewardship of its mainland territories was relatively enlightened and the citizens of such towns as Bergamo, Brescia and Verona rallied to the defence of Venetian sovereignty when it was threatened by invaders.

By the standards of the 18th century, Versailles was a very modern European city.

* The Law to Improve Occupational Old Age Pensions ( 1974 ), which extended coverage of occupational pensions whilst also “ co-ordinating them more closely with state pensions and setting minimum standards as regards benefit levels and the preservation of pension rights .” By 1976, as a result of this legislation, 65 % of private sector employees were covered by occupational schemes and over two-thirds of these workers were eligible for benefits equal to more than 15 % of their earnings at retirement.

By modern standards CP / M was primitive, owing to the extreme constraints on program size.

By the 1970s in the USA, clinics and laboratories devoted to the study of sleep and sleep disorders had been founded, and a need for standards arose.