By this method it was determined that the normal pressure exerted by a sample of polybutene ( molecular weight reported to be 770 ) was over half an atmosphere.

By making comparisons across cultural traditions ( time-based ) and cultural regions ( space-based ), anthropologists have developed various kinds of comparative method, a central part of their science.

By the summer of 1866 Johnson's method of restoring states to the Union by executive fiat, without safeguards for the Union Party or the freedmen, was in deep trouble.

By the Roman period brass was being deliberately produced from metallic copper and zinc minerals using the cementation process and variations on this method continued until the mid 19th century.

By " computerizing " this method of communications, the name of the first BBS system was born: CBBS-Computerized Bulletin Board System.

By this method each bull can serve very many cows, so only a very few of the purebred dairy male calves are needed to provide bulls for breeding.

By regulating the processing parameters — especially the gases introduced, but also including the pressure the system is operated under, the temperature of the diamond, and the method of generating plasma — many different materials that can be considered diamond can be made.

By extension, the word for carrying or drawing a beer came to mean the serving of the beer and, in some senses, the act of drinking, or a drink of beer itself, regardless of serving method.

By comparing the length and intensity of various methods of therapies, it was proven that intensity is a better predictor of recovery than the method of therapy used.

By 1992, the standard method of locating someone's e-mail address was to find their organization's CCSO nameserver entry in Gopher, and query the nameserver.

By the 14th century however, on Mount Athos the terms Hesychasm and Hesychast refer to the practice and to the practitioner of a method of mental ascesis that involves the use of the Jesus Prayer assisted by certain psychophysical techniques.

By non-constructive Davis means that " a proof that there actually are mathematic entities satisfying certain conditions would have to provide a method to exhibit explicitly the entities in question.

By using this method students gain the big idea they're taught and later are more willing to learn and keep the specifics of the concept or theory taught.

By determining the intersection of the two hyperbolic curves identified by this method, a geographic fix can be determined.

By using this method, one can create a relatively secure password which would still be easily remembered.

By the end of the sixteenth century this had largely displaced the buon fresco method, and was used by painters such as Gianbattista Tiepolo or Michelangelo.

By default, the method with the most specific argument classes is chosen ; then in the order in which parent classes are named in the subclass definition.

Keyboard macros have in more recent times come to life as a method of exploiting the economy of massively multiplayer online role-playing game ( MMORPG ) s. By tirelessly performing a boring, repetitive, but low risk action, a player running a macro can earn a large amount of the game's currency or resources.

By 2001, few lower-end printer models came with support for PostScript, largely due to growing competition from much cheaper non-PostScript ink jet printers, and new software-based methods to render PostScript images on the computer, making them suitable for any printer ; PDF, a descendant of PostScript, provides one such method, and has largely replaced PostScript as de facto standard for electronic document distribution.

By this definition, scientific refers to the empirical method of investigation.

By the twentieth century, the modern notion of science as a special brand of information about the world, practiced by a distinct group and pursued through a unique method, was essentially in place.

By dividing Somalia's cities into specific quarters, the private sector has found a manageable method of providing cities with electricity.

By this method of zig-zagging into the wind, known as beating, it is possible to reach any upwind destination.

By sending messages to a method activation can ask questions like " who sent this message to me ".

By a straightforward reduction to the halting problem it is possible to prove that ( for any Turing complete language ) finding all possible run-time errors in an arbitrary program ( or more generally any kind of violation of a specification on the final result of a program ) is undecidable: there is no mechanical method that can always answer truthfully whether a given program may or may not exhibit runtime errors.

By lifting the seat upwards a little, the weight is taken off the neck and the back is kept rounded.

By the middle of the 19th century, industrialisation swept away most of the city's medieval rules of production and commerce, although the entirely corrupt remains of the city's mediæval constitution was kept in place ( compare the famous remarks of Georg Forster in his Ansichten vom Niederrhein ) until 1801, when Aachen became the " chef-lieu du département de la Roer " in Napoléon's First French Empire.

By the mid-4th century however the assembly's judicial functions were largely curtailed, though it always kept a role in the initiation of various kinds of political trial.

But By the Way was one of the few features kept continuously running in the often seriously reduced Daily Express throughout World War II, when Morton's lampooning of Hitler, including the British invention of bracerot to make the Nazi's trousers fall down at inopportune moments, was regarded as valuable for morale.

By contrast, black powder made with sodium nitrate must be kept sealed to remain stable.

By the Tacna – Arica compromise at the Treaty of Lima in 1929, Chile kept Arica, and Peru regained Tacna.

By the 25th century, ARM agents were kept in an artificially induced state of paranoid schizophrenia to enhance their usefulness as law enforcement officials, which led to them sometimes being referred to as " Schizes ".

By now a crowd had gathered in the forum, The presence of the magistrates among the revolutionaries kept them in good order.

By the turn of the 20th century, the last group of passenger pigeons, all descended from the same pair, was kept by Professor Charles O. Whitman at the University of Chicago.

By performing a splay operation on the node of interest after every access, the recently accessed nodes are kept near the root and the tree remains roughly balanced, so that we achieve the desired amortized time bounds.

By attaching a counterweight at the end ( or by further extending the cable upward for the same purpose ), the center of mass is kept well above the level of geostationary orbit.

By request of the Government of Newfoundland, the United Kingdom resumed its direct rule of Newfoundland in 1934, and it kept that until Newfoundland and Labrador became a province of Canada in 1949.

By far most lions, which are kept in zoos are hybrids of different subspecies.

By the terms of his settlement with TSR, Gygax kept the rights to Gord the Rogue as well as all Dungeons & Dragons characters whose names were anagrams or versions of his own name, such as Yrag and Zagyg.

By controlling the space air temperature, the server components at the board level are kept within the manufacturer's specified temperature / humidity range.

By contrast, ciphers used to protect classified government or military information are often kept secret ( see Type 1 encryption ).

By the time the mistake had been discovered, it was deemed too late to change, and the incorrect name " Hexley " was kept.

By 8 November Gerrit de Veer, the ships carpenter who kept a diary, reported a shortage of beer and bread, with wine being rationed four days later.

By mutual agreement, Umberto and Mussolini always kept a distance.

By their own account, neither Drummond nor Cauty kept any of the money that they made as The KLF ; it was all ploughed back into their extravagant productions.

By the late 10 century, the name Varna was established so firmly that when Byzantines wrestled back control of the area from the Bulgarians in the 970's, they kept it rather than restoring the ancient name Odessus.

By tradition, though, the numbering of the Ptolemies is kept intact.

By the time King's College took ownership of the manor, the woods were let for sport, with pheasants kept for shooting.

By 1862, after a decade of forcible removals, the last of the native Concow inhabitants were kept on a cramped reservation at Round Valley with unrelated people relocated from surrounding regions.

By the 15th century only Windsor, Leeds, Rockingham and Moor End were kept up as comfortable accommodation ; Nottingham and York formed the backbone for royal authority in the north, and Chester, Gloucester and Bristol forming the equivalents in the west.