By lifting the seat upwards a little, the weight is taken off the neck and the back is kept rounded.

By this method it was determined that the normal pressure exerted by a sample of polybutene ( molecular weight reported to be 770 ) was over half an atmosphere.

By the time he reached the edge of the pit he was panting and his shoulder and back ached under the drag of the dead weight.

By weight, approximately 1 / 3 of the animal is edible meat, 1 / 3 is offal, and 1 / 3 is shell.

By contrast, in civil law jurisdictions ( the legal tradition that prevails in, or is combined with common law in, Europe and most non-Islamic, non-common law countries ), courts lack authority to act where there is no statute, and judicial precedent is given less interpretive weight ( which means that a judge deciding a given case has more freedom to interpret the text of a statute independently, and less predictably ), and scholarly literature is given more.

By volume and weight, the largest concentrations of crystals in the earth are part of the Earth's solid bedrock.

By contrast, if the bridge actually supported his weight then he might say he " thought " that the bridge was safe, and now after proving it to himself, he knows.

By the end of the 15th century was widely professed and taught in many theological faculties, but such was the influence of the Dominicans, and the weight of the arguments of Thomas Aquinas ( who had been canonised in 1323 and declared " Doctor Angelicus " of the Church in 1567 ) that the Council of Trent ( 1545 – 63 )— which might have been expected to affirm the doctrine — instead declined to take a position.

By the 19th century, punctuation in the western world had evolved " to classify the marks hierarchically, in terms of weight ".

By its inherent weight distribution, it could deliver blows as powerful as an axe.

By 1972, the clean and press was discontinued because athletes started to push with legs and bend backwards instead of strictly pressing the weight overhead, and this left the sole elements of what is today's modern Olympic weightlifting programme – the snatch and the clean and jerk. The snatch entails pulling with a wide grip the barbell overhead without pressing out with the arms. It is a very precise lift that can be nullified by a lack of balance of the athlete. The clean and jerk is more forgiving using a narrower grip pull the bar to the shoulders and then using the strength of the legs push until arms reach full extension without a press out.

* By this year, the iron industry in Song Dynasty China is producing a total weight of 127, 000, 000 kg ( 125, 000 t ) of iron product per year.

By the end of the 20th century, surface-mount packages allowed further reduction in the size and weight of systems.

By weight, gels are mostly liquid, yet they behave like solids due to a three-dimensional cross-linked network within the liquid.

By contrast, his bridge was 30 ft ( 10 m ) wider in span and half the weight, although it now no longer exists.

Hugh Luke argues that " By ending her story with the picture of the Earth's solitary inhabitant, she has brought nearly the whole weight of the novel to bear upon the idea that the condition of the individual being is essentially isolated and therefore ultimately tragic " ( xvii ).

By the beginning of the 19th century, his beet was approximately 5 – 6 percent sucrose by ( dry ) weight, compared to around 20 percent in modern varieties.

By reinforcing the area most likely to break, the arrow is more likely to survive impact, while maintaining overall flexibility and lighter weight.

" By the end of that episode, Fit Tony's weight gain causes a change of nickname to " Fat Tony ", essentially restoring the original character.

By the late 1960s advances in solid-state electronics allowed the weight, size, and cost of the radios to fall, giving the public access to a communications medium previously only available to specialists.

By contrast, the laws of physics dictate that the operating mechanism of a semi-automatic weapon must increase in mass and weight as the cartridge it fires increases in power.

By 1909, the bell had made six trips, and not only had the cracking become worse, but souvenir hunters had deprived it of over one percent of its weight.

By a decree of July 6, 1785, the value of the United States dollar was set to approximately match the Spanish dollar, both of which were based on the weight of silver in the coins.

By 2010 she had gained some of the weight back, and told People magazine she could not maintain her NutriSystem weight.

By Presidential Proclamation 4313, President Ford created a procedure for those military personnel who resisted against the Vietnam War to receive a Presidential Pardon and have their punitive discharges changed to a Clemency Discharge.

By the end of the 1945, Lowry was processing an average of 300 discharges a day.

By April 1983, 87 per cent of the " found-ins " charged in the Toronto and Montreal raids have been acquitted at trial ; 36 individuals have been found guilty but received absolute or conditional discharges.

`` By telling him you are making passes at me ''??

By `` image '' is meant not only a visual presentation, but also remembered sensations of any of the five senses plus the feelings which are immediately conjoined therewith.

By the same test predispositions destructive of human personality exercise their most sinister impact, with the result that men of good will are often trapped and nullified.

By a combination of music, lighting effects, and narration, famous events that have transpired in these locations are evoked and re-created for large audiences usually to considerable acclaim.

By comparison, Stone Harbor bird sanctuary's allies seem less formidable, for aside from the Audubon Society, they are mostly the snowy, common and cattle egrets and the Louisiana, green, little blue and black-crowned herons who nest and feed there.

By God, they're a-coming, they are ''!!

By fixing the tax rate in advance of spending, upper limits are set on expenditures.

By this standard, it is determined that where two stations operating on the same frequency are involved, objectionable interference from station A exists at any point within the service area of station B where station A's signal is of an intensity one-twentieth or more of the strength of station B's signal at that point.

By supporting the efforts of the many faculty members who are working to attain ever higher standards, the president can encourage faculty leadership.

By that, one feels that magnetic forces are as general as electrical forces.

By such innocent actions are human tragedies sometimes set in motion.

By the time pupils reach the sixth grade, their ethical and moral standards are fairly well developed ; ;

By this procedure rinsing progresses in two stages, first by dilution until the time when the drains are separated and thereafter by displacement of the soil-bearing liquor by clean rinse water, since soiled liquor squeezed from the specimens at the nip passes directly to waste from the suds box drains.

By no means are these isolated cases.

By and large their programs are satisfactorily connected both to the employment situation and to the realities of the apprentice system.

By way of explanation we ourselves are prone to imagine that this achievement stems from the same American Catholic zeal and generosity which brought the parochial school system into existence.

By the 27th century BC Egyptian writing had a set of some 24 hieroglyphs which are called uniliterals, to represent syllables that begin with a single consonant of their language, plus a vowel ( or no vowel ) to be supplied by the native speaker.

By the Naturalisation Act 1870, it was made possible for British subjects to renounce their nationality and allegiance, and the ways in which that nationality is lost are defined.

By some estimates, this might account for most of the internal radiation damage, as the recoil nuclei are typically heavy metals which preferentially collect on the chromosomes.

The largest species are red alder ( A. rubra ) on the west coast of North America, and black alder ( A. glutinosa ), native to most of Europe and widely introduced elsewhere, both reaching over 30 m. By contrast, the widespread Alnus viridis ( green alder ) is rarely more than a 5 m tall shrub.

By endocytosis or phagocytosis, exogenous antigens are taken into the antigen-presenting cells ( APCs ) and processed into fragments.

By painting the Roman-Christian relations in this light, Luke hopes to persuade Rome that Christians are not enemies of the government and should not be looked upon with suspicion or even fear.

By the third millennium BCE, widespread civilizations had developed sophisticated awareness of celestial cycles, and are believed to have consciously oriented their temples to create alignment with the heliacal risings of the stars.

By opening the stop wider, similar deviations arise for lateral points as have been already discussed for axial points ; but in this case they are much more complicated.

By definition it does not cover problems whose solution are unknown or have not been characterised formally.