Batavia ( Jakarta ), Dutch East Indies

The myth was perpetuated by Romeyn de Hooghe's Spiegel van Staat der Vereenigden Nederlanden (" Mirror of the State of the United Netherlands ", 1706 ), which also ran to many editions, and it was revived in the atmosphere of Romantic nationalism in the late eighteenth-century reforms that saw a short-lived Batavian Republic and, in the colony of the Dutch East Indies, a capital ( now Jakarta ) that was named Batavia.

Dutch forces first established independent bases in the East ( most significantly Batavia, the heavily fortified headquarters of the Dutch East India Company ) and then between 1640 and 1660 wrestled Malacca, Ceylon, some southern Indian ports, and the lucrative Japan trade from the Portuguese.

Batavia, Dutch East Indies | Batavia, Java ( now Jakarta ), c. 1665.

It was the de facto capital of the Dutch East Indies ( when it was known as Batavia ) and has continued as the capital of Indonesia since the country's independence was declared in 1945.

The victory consolidated Dutch power and in 1619 they renamed the city Batavia.

The former Stadhuis of Batavia, the seat of Governor General of Dutch East India Company | VOC.

During World War II, the city was renamed from Batavia to " Jakarta " ( short form of Jayakarta ) by the Indonesian nationalists after conquering the city from the Dutch in 1942 with the help of the Japanese forces.

North Jakarta contains part of Jakarta Old Town, formerly known as Batavia since the 17th century, and was a centre of VOC trade activity in Dutch East Indies.

In February 1681, Johann Wilhelm Vogel, a Dutch mining engineer at Salida, Sumatra ( near Padang ), on his way to Batavia ( modern Jakarta ) passed through the Sunda Strait.

* 1740 – Dutch colonists and various slave groups begin massacring ethnic Chinese in Batavia, eventually killing 10, 000 and leading to a two-year-long war throughout Java.

He was appointed ship's doctor on the frigate Adriana on the voyage from Rotterdam to Batavia ( present-day Jakarta ) in the Dutch East Indies ( present-day Indonesia ).

On his trip to Batavia on the frigate Adriana, he practiced his knowledge of the Dutch language and rapidly learned Malay, and during the long trip, von Siebold started a collection of marine fauna.

In 1781, Isaac Titsingh published Bereiding van Sacki in Batavia, Dutch East Indies | Batavia, which was then the main city of the Dutch East Indies.

* May 30 – Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Governor General of the Dutch East Indies, conquers Jayakarta and renames it Batavia.

* June 4 – Dutch East India Company ship Batavia is wrecked on a reef near Beacon Island off Western Australia on her maiden voyage to the Indies.

* October 9 – 22 – Batavia massacre: Troops of the Dutch East India Company massacre 5, 000 – 10, 000 Chinese Indonesians in Batavia.

Acting through the Dutch East India Company, the Dutch established the city of Batavia ( now Jakarta ) as a base for trading and expansion into the other parts of Java and the surrounding territory.

Jacobus Arminius was a Dutch pastor and theologian in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.

The fort was partially destroyed by the Dutch in the mid 17th century, rebuilt, then destroyed again in 1776 by an earthquake.

It originates from 17th century Dutch dialects spoken by the mainly-Dutch settlers of what is now South Africa, where it began to develop independently.

Aelbert Jacobsz Cuyp ( October 20, 1620 – November 15, 1691 ) was one of the leading Dutch landscape painters of the Dutch Golden Age in the 17th century.

The Boer nation is mainly descended from Dutch, German and French Huguenots, who migrated to South Africa during the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries.

Dutch Calvinist settlers were also the first successful European colonizers of South Africa, beginning in the 17th century, who became known as Boers or Afrikaners.

The 17th century saw the creation of the French colonial empire and the Dutch Empire, as well as the English colonial empire, which later became the British Empire.

In English, the terms poniard and dirk are loaned during the late 16th to early 17th century, the latter in the spelling dork, durk ( presumably via Low German, Dutch or Scandinavian dolk, dolch, ultimately from a West Slavic tulich ), the modern spelling dirk dating to 18th-century Scots.

Pseudodoxia Epidemica found itself upon the bookshelves of many educated European readers for throughout the late 17th century and early 18th century it was translated, for many years it was not thought compatible with the French and Dutcheze, into the French, Dutch and German languages as well as Latin.

In 17th and 18th century, king Louis XIV of France captured more French-speaking areas in southern Flanders around Lille, referred to as Lilloise Flanders or la Flandre Lilloise, but also Maritime Flanders, where originally Dutch was spoken, and to this day, a Flemish dialect persists in some rural areas near Dunkirk.

They were of mostly English descent ; Roosevelt's great-grandfather, James Roosevelt, was of Dutch ancestry, and his mother's maiden name, Delano, originated with a French Huguenot immigrant of the 17th century .< ref >

The name ' de Klerk ' ( literally meaning " the clerk " in Dutch ) is derived from Le Clerc, Le Clercq, and de Clercq and is of French Huguenot origin, as are a great number of other Afrikaans surnames, reflecting the French Huguenot refugees who settled in the Cape beginning in the 17th century alongside the Dutch, after they escaped religious persecution in France.

It ended all attempts by England in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th century to subdue the Dutch Republic by military force.

By the mid 17th century, numerous small Dutch and Flemish distillers ( some 400 in Amsterdam alone by 1663 ) had popularized the re-distillation of malt spirit or wine with juniper, anise, caraway, coriander, etc., which were sold in pharmacies and used to treat such medical problems as kidney ailments, lumbago, stomach ailments, gallstones, and gout.

The town grew further in the 17th century when the Dutch economy as a whole entered its age of prosperity, and several canals were built connecting it indirectly to Amsterdam.

Winter landscape with skaters playing colf by 17th century Dutch painter.

' Skating fun ' by 17th century Dutch painter by Hendrick Avercamp.

Portuguese maritime supremacy was lost to the Dutch in the 17th century, and with this came serious challenges for the Portuguese.

Typically, a Dutch painter of the 17th century ( also known as the Dutch Golden Age ) will fall into one of four categories, a painter of portraits, landscapes, still-lifes, or genre.

The Dutch began cultivation of coffee trees on Java ( part of the Dutch East Indies ) in the 17th century and it has been exported globally since.

These were followed by significant numbers of freed Africans in the War of 1812, Irish immigrants in the mid 19th century and Dutch immigrants after World War II.

Abacá was first cultivated on a large scale in Sumatra in 1925 under the Dutch, who had observed its cultivation in the Philippines for cordage since the ninteenth century, followed up by plantings in Central America in 1929 sponsored by the U. S. Department of Agriculture.

The Macedonian phalanx of Aelian had many points of resemblance to the solid masses of pikemen and the squadrons of cavalry of the Spanish and Dutch systems, and the translations made in the 16th century formed the groundwork of numerous books on drill and tactics.

The Spanish Empire claimed the islands by discovery in the early 16th century, but never settled them, and subsequent years saw the English, Dutch, French, Spanish, and Danish all jostling for control of the region, which became a notorious haunt for pirates.

By the 18th century, the area from Sambas to Berau were tributaries to the Banjar Kingdom, but this eventually shrunk to the size of what is now South Kalimantan as a result of agreements with the Dutch.

In the early 19th century, British and Dutch governments signed the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 to exchange trading ports under their controls and assert spheres of influence, which indirectly set apart the two parts of Borneo into British and Dutch controlled areas.

Moreover in the 19th century, the Dutch admitted the founding of district kingdoms with native leaders who were under the power of the Dutch ( Indirect Bestuur ).

It was only during the mid-18th century that visible brick walls regained some degree of popularity, as illustrated by the Dutch Quarter of Potsdam, for example.

* Justus Velsius – 16th century Dutch dissident who promoted the view that through new birth man could become like Christ

Boer (,, or ; ) is the Dutch and Afrikaans word for farmer, which came to denote the descendants of the Dutch-speaking settlers of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 18th century, as well as those who left the Cape Colony during the 19th century to settle in the Orange Free State, Transvaal ( which are together known as the Boer Republics ), and to a lesser extent Natal.

The descendants of some of the Bandanese who fled Dutch conquest in the seventeenth century live in the Kai Islands ( Kepulauan Kei ) to the east of the Banda group, where a version of the original Banda language is still spoken in the villages of Banda Eli and Banda Elat on Kai Besar Island.

The state of New York, which also has a civil law history from its Dutch colonial days, also began a codification of its law in the 19th century.

The influence of Roman Dutch law continued in the colony well into the late 19th century.

Roman Dutch common law relies on legal principles set out in Roman law sources such as Justinian's Institutes and Digest, and also on the writing of Dutch jurists of the 15th century such as Grotius and Voet.

The modern constellations in this region were defined during the Age of exploration, notably by Dutch navigators Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman at the end of sixteenth century.

Apart from a visit by the French Parmentier brothers in 1529, for much of the 16th century the only Europeans to visit the islands were Portuguese ; British and Dutch ships began arriving at the turn of the century and the island of Ndzwani became a major supply point on the route to the East.