Electrons are responsible for emission of most EMR because they have low mass, and therefore are easily accelerated by a variety of mechanisms.

Electrons are at the heart of cathode ray tubes, which have been used extensively as display devices in laboratory instruments, computer monitors and television sets.

Electrons are particulate radiation and, hence, have cross section many times larger than photons, so that they do not penetrate the product beyond a few inches, depending on product density.

Electrons, being fermions, cannot occupy the same quantum state, so electrons have to " stack " within an atom, i. e. have different spins while at the same place.

Electrons have the least mass of all the charged leptons.

Electrons also conduct electric current through conductive solids, and the thermal and electrical conductivities of most metals have about the same ratio.

For instance, " Electrons attract protons " and " Electrons have negative charge " employ the terms " protons " and " negative charge " ( with the latter also implicitly using the concept of " charge ").

Electrons ( things that have P1 ) have charge ( P2 ).

Electrons ( things that have P1 ) cause lightning.

Electrons in solids have a chemical potential, defined the same way as the chemical potential of a chemical species: The change in free energy when electrons are added or removed from the system.

Electrons emerging from the accelerator have energies up to 25MeV and are moving an appreciable fraction ( 95-99 + percent ) of the speed of light ( relativistic velocities ).

Electrons and many elementary particles also have intrinsic magnetic moments, an explanation of which requires a quantum mechanical treatment and relates to the intrinsic angular momentum of the particles as discussed in the article electron magnetic dipole moment.

( Electrons have the Z-value unity, for nuclei it is the atomic number ).

Electrons do not penetrate as deeply into matter as X-rays, hence electron diffraction reveals structure near the surface ; neutrons do penetrate easily and have an advantage that they possess an intrinsic magnetic moment that causes them to interact differently with atoms having different alignments of their magnetic moments.

Electrons have higher diffusion constant than holes leading to fewer excess electrons at the center as compared to holes.

Electrons also have a long ballistic length at this temperature ; their mean free path can be several micrometres.

Electrons that have a velocity component that is parallel to the magnetic field will rather " stretch out " the circle and form helical paths, the pitch of which is subject to the rotation period and the parallel velocity component.