The story is related in several digressions in the Iliad ( 7. 451-453, 20. 145-148, 21. 442-457 ) and is found in Apollodorus ' Bibliotheke ( 2. 5. 9 ).

Some claim that Virgil meant to change them before he died, while others find that the location of the two passages, at the very end of the so-called Volume I ( Books 1 – 6, the Odyssey ), and Volume II ( Books 7 – 12, the Iliad ), and their short length, which contrasts with the lengthy nature of the poem, are evidence that Virgil placed them purposefully there.

* Scholia on the Iliad: Erbse, H. 1969-88, Scholia Graeca in Homeri Iliadem, 7 vols.

Hellanicus of Mytilene, in Fragment 7 of the Argolica, concerns himself with one word in one line of the Iliad, " pasture-land of horses ", applied to Argos in the Peloponnesus.

Though she does not appear among the lists of nereids in Iliad XVIII or Bibliotheke 1. 2. 7, such an ancient island nymph in other contexts might gain any of various Olympian parentages: she was thought of as a daughter of Poseidon with any of several primordial sea-goddesses — with whom she might be identified herself — notably Halia or Amphitrite.

For instance, the words of Tyrtaeus 10. 1 – 2 (" For it is a fine thing for a man having fallen nobly amid the fore-fighters to die, fighting on behalf of the fatherland ") undoubtedly echo Hector's speech in 15. 494 – 7 of Homer's Iliad.

The noble sentiment of line 1 seems to be original yet the vocabulary is entirely Homeric and, though lines 5 – 7 are adapted from Homer's Iliad ( 13. 130 – 33 ), there is an important difference: Homer describes the advance of one side in close formation, whereas Tyrtaeus describes two sides meeting in the hoplite style of fighting.

He is known chiefly for his 48-book poem the Dionysiaca, the longest surviving poem in Greek from antiquity ( it is only 7, 000 lines shorter than the Iliad and Odyssey combined ).

The word μίτρα, mítra, ( or, in its Ionic form, μίτρη, mítrē ) first appears in Greek and signifies either of several garments: a kind of waist girdle worn under a cuirass, as mentioned in Homer's Iliad ; a headband used by women for their hair ; a sort of formal Babylonian head dress, as mentioned by Herodotus ( Histories 1. 195 and 7. 90 ).

The Iliad, lines 1 – 7

On these pillars rested that solid basis for life and thought which was soon to be manifested in the remarkably unlimited ken of the Iliad.

Though it is not easy to apply the evidence of the Iliad to any specific era, this marvelous product of the epic tradition had certainly taken definitive shape by 750.

the poet of the Iliad deliberately archaized.

The antecedents of Dipylon vases and of the Iliad lie in the Aegean past.

That such a tradition lies behind The Iliad and The Odyssey, at least, is hard to deny.

the verse of Beowulf or of The Iliad and The Odyssey was not easy to create but was not impossible for poets who had developed their talents perforce in earning a livelihood.

One of the greatest Homerists of our time, Frederick M. Combellack, argues that when it is assumed The Iliad and The Odyssey are oral poems, the postulated single redactor called Homer cannot be either credited with or denied originality in choice of phrasing.

Combellack argues further, and here he makes his main point, that once The Iliad and The Odyssey are thought formulaic poems composed for an audience accustomed to formulaic poetry, Homeric critics are deprived of an entire domain they previously found arable.

If Cynewulf was literate, the Beowulf poet may have been also, and so may the final redactor of The Iliad and The Odyssey.

Other theories of origin are compatible with the formulaic theory: Beowulf may contain a design for terror, and The Iliad may have a vast hysteron-proteron pattern answering to a ceramic pattern produced during the Geometric Period in pottery.

Thus one line in five from The Iliad and The Odyssey is to be found somewhere else in the two poems.

The Iliad has two words for the shield, ASPIS and SAKOS.

In Greek mythology, Achilles (, Akhilleus, ) was a Greek hero of the Trojan War, the central character and the greatest warrior of Homer's Iliad.

The function of Apollo as a " healer " is connected with Paean ( Παιών-Παιήων ), the physician of the Gods in the Iliad, who seems to come from a more primitive religion.

In the Iliad, Apollo is the healer under the gods, but he is also the bringer of disease and death with his arrows, similar to the function of the terrible Vedic god of disease Rudra.

In Iliad, his priest prays to Apollo Smintheus, the mouse god who retains an older agricultural function as the protector from field rats.

He demanded her return, and the Achaeans complied, indirectly causing the anger of Achilles, which is the theme of the Iliad.

In the Iliad, when Diomedes injured Aeneas, Apollo rescued him.

* Homer, Iliad ii. 595 – 600 ( c. 700 BCE )

* In the Iliad xvi, Apollo washes the black blood from the corpse of Sarpedon and anoints it with ambrosia, readying it for its dreamlike return to Sarpedon's native Lycia.

Abydos was first mentioned in the catalogue of Trojan allies ( Iliad ii. 836 ).

He is a character in Greek mythology and is mentioned in Homer's Iliad, and receives full treatment in Roman mythology as the legendary founder of what would become Ancient Rome, most extensively in Virgil's Aeneid.

In the Iliad, Aeneas is a minor character, where he is twice saved from death by the gods as if for an as yet unknown destiny.

The Iliad tells the story of the quarrel between Agamemnon and Achilles in the final year of the war.

* Homer, Iliad II, 819 – 21 ; V, 217 – 575 ; XIII, 455 – 544 ; XX, 75 – 352 ;

The identification of Ajax with the family of Aeacus was chiefly a matter which concerned the Athenians, after Salamis had come into their possession, on which occasion Solon is said to have inserted a line in the Iliad ( 2. 557 – 558 ), for the purpose of supporting the Athenian claim to the island.

Pope: " Thus on a roe the well-breath'd beagle flies, And rends his hide fresh-bleeding with the dart " The Iliad of Homer ( 1715 – 20 ) Book XV: 697 – 8

* Homer, Iliad xiv. 274 – 9 ; xix. 259f.

Aristotle ( Metaphysics 983b – 987a ) believed that the question of first causes may even have started with Hesiod ( Theogony 116 – 53 ) and Homer ( Iliad 14. 201, 246 ).

* 68 – Roman Emperor Nero commits suicide, after quoting Homer's Iliad, thus ending the Julio-Claudian Dynasty and starting the civil year known as the Year of the Four Emperors.

The brief allusion to the Judgment in the Iliad ( 24. 25 – 30 ) shows that the episode initiating all the subsequent action was already familiar to its audience ; a fuller version was told in the Cypria, a lost work of the Epic Cycle, of which only fragments ( and a reliable summary ) remain.

Finnish born nationalist and linguist Kaarle Akseli Gottlund ( 1796 – 1875 ) expressed his desire for a Finnish epic in a similar vein to The Iliad, Beowulf and the Nibelungenlied compiled from the various poems and songs spread over most of Finland.

Around this time he began the work of translating the Iliad, which was a painstaking process – publication began in 1715 and did not end until 1720.

* 1715 – 1720: Translation of the Iliad

The names, originally spelled Phobus and Deimus respectively, were suggested by Henry Madan ( 1838 – 1901 ), Science Master of Eton, based on Book XV of the Iliad, in which the god Ares summons Dread ( Deimos ) and Fear ( Phobos ).

" In fact one modern scholar has observed in Bacchylides a general tendency towards imitation, sometimes approaching the level of quotation: in this case, the eagle simile in Ode 5 may be thought to imitate a passage in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter ( 375 – 83 ), and the countless leaves fluttering in the wind on " the gleaming headlands of Ida ", mentioned later in the ode, recall a passage in Iliad ( 6. 146 – 9 ).

According to a legend, when Phidias was asked what inspired him — whether he climbed Mount Olympus to see Zeus, or whether Zeus came down from Olympus so that Pheidias could see him — the artist answered that he portrayed Zeus according to Book One, verses 528 – 530 of Homer's Iliad:

In another scholium, it is said that the Argonautica's account of Ganymede's abduction by an amorous Zeus ( Argonautica 3. 114 – 17 ) was also modelled on a version by Ibycus ( in Homer's earlier account, Zeus abducted the youth to be his wine-pourer: Iliad 20. 234 ), and that Ibycus, moreover, described the abduction of Tithonus by Dawn ( Eos ).

" And that would have been the end of Ares and his appetite for war, if the beautiful Eriboea, the young giants ' stepmother, had not told Hermes what they had done ," Dione related ( Iliad 5. 385 – 391 ).