Inbreeding is reproduction from the mating of parents who are closely related genetically.

Inbreeding is used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling.

Inbreeding is used by breeders of domestic animals to fix desirable genetic traits within a population or to attempt to remove deleterious traits by allowing them to manifest phenotypically from the genotypes.

* Inbreeding depression — Inbreeding depression is usually taken to mean any immediate harmful effect, on individuals or the population, of a decrease in either type of genetic variation.

Inbreeding depression can almost never be found in declining populations that were not very large to begin with ; it is somewhat common in large populations becoming small though.

* Inbreeding, is breeding between close relatives

Inbreeding reduces genetic variability and may cause hidden genes to manifest as there is a greater probability that two recessive genes will meet up.

Inbreeding leads to a higher probability of congenital birth defects because it increases that proportion of zygotes that are homozygous, in particular for deleterious recessive alleles that produce such disorders.

Inbreeding and selection for uniformity for a number of generations ensures that the parent lines are almost homozygous.

Inbreeding further diminished size yet the smaller versions, though delicate and sickly, remained popular for some time.

Inbreeding over many generations does increase risks however.

" Inbreeding, Outbreeding and Environmental Effects on Genetic Diversity in 46 Walleye ( Sander Vitreus ) Populations.

Inbreeding results in increased homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits.

Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.

Inbreeding may result in a far higher phenotypic expression of deleterious recessive genes within a population than would normally be expected.

Inbreeding, through homozygosity, exposes recessive alleles.

* Arthur P. Wolf and William H. Durham ( editors ), Inbreeding, Incest, and the Incest Taboo: The State of Knowledge at the Turn of the Century, ISBN 0-8047-5141-2

* Inbreeding — In a small population, related individuals are more likely to breed together.

Inbreeding was not tolerated, and ( distinct ) families never arose, although differences in soil in different localities produced different sizes and variations.

Inbreeding depression leads to offspring with deleterious traits due to homozygosity.

* Musician Snakefinger's " Sawney Bean / Sawney's Death Dance " ( from his album, Night of Desirable Objects ) tells the tale of the clan and its eventual comeuppance, as does the concept album, Inbreeding the Anthropophagi by American death metal band Deeds of Flesh.

# Inbreeding and inbreeding elevation which reduces the fitness of populations.

Inbreeding depression, loss of genetic diversity, and genetic adaptation to captivity are disadvantageous in the wild, and many of these issues can be dealt with through the aforementioned techniques aimed at increasing heterozygosity.

Inbreeding, the mating between closely related organisms of traits can clearly be seen on pedigree charts.

A new South is emerging after the post-bellum years of hesitation, uncertainty, and lack of action from the Negro in defining his new role in the amorphously defined socio-political organizations of the white man.

A small business is defined as one which is independently owned and operated and which is not dominant in its field.

Field shifts were derived from the mean value of the resonance line, defined as the field about which the first moment is zero.

Dirt, which is here defined as particulate material which is usually inorganic and is very often extremely finely divided so as to exhibit colloidal properties.

The international unit is equipotent with the USP unit adopted in 1952, which was defined as the amount of activity present in 20 mg of the USP reference substance.

The function f{t} defined in this way is multi-valued.

In some neighborhood of an isolated tangent point in the f-plane, say Af, the function Af is either double-valued or has no values defined, except at the tangent point itself, where it is single-valued.

Suppose Af is defined in the sub-interval Af.

Where boundary maintenance describes the boundaries or limits of the group, systemic linkage is defined `` as the process whereby one or more of the elements of at least two social systems is articulated in such a manner that the two systems in some ways and on some occasions may be viewed as a single unit.

The positive Kohnstamm reactivity in Condition 1 ( ( the naive state ) is not adequately explained by such a concept as suggestibility ( if suggestibility is defined as the influence on behavior by verbal cues ).

For example, property `` used in the trade or business '' of a transferor corporation, as defined in section 1231, presumably would not retain its special status following a non-taxable reorganization if it is not so used in the business of the acquiring corporation.

Planes defined as parallel to the surface also cut through it into real space, and a depth is suggested optically which is greater than that established pictorially.

**yc is defined by the geometry of the knife ; ;

The gyro angular momentum is defined by H.

But since this is a world in which people disagree about ends and goals and concerning justice and injustice, and since, in a situation where direct action and economic pressure are called for, the justice of the matter has either not been clearly defined by law or the law is not effectively present, there has to be a morality of means applied in every case in which people take it upon themselves to use economic pressures or other forms of force.

Anarchism is generally defined as the political philosophy which holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary, and harmful ,< ref name =" definition ">

But there is no use causing him to worry at this time ''.

But apart from racial problems, the old unreconstructed South -- to use the moderate words favored by Mr. Thomas Griffith -- finds itself unsympathetic to most of what is different about the civilization of the North.

Only the President is permitted to authorize the use of nuclear weapons.

The sequence is determined by chance, and Mr. Cunningham makes use of any one of several chance devices.

If they avoid the use of the pungent, outlawed four-letter word it is because it is taboo ; ;

This is the rhetoric of righteousness the beatniks use in defending their way of life, their search for wholeness, though their actual existence fails to reach these `` religious '' heights.

Part of the ritual of sex is the use of marijuana.

Holmes is addicted to the use of cocaine and other refreshing stimulants ; ;

But what a super-Herculean task it is to winnow anything of value from the mud-beplastered arguments used so freely, particularly since such common use is made of cliches and stereotypes, in themselves declarations of intellectual bankruptcy.

`` The argument that is cutting most ice is that Hearst is the only candidate who is fighting the trusts fearlessly and who would use all the powers of government to disrupt them if he were elected.

for if this can be proved we shall surely be the gainers -- I mean, if there is a use in poetry as well as a delight ''.

It is even true that some among them use the sheer fact of conformity -- `` everyone does it '' -- as a criterion for conduct.

Without a precise knowledge of Germanic philology, however, it is debatable whether their use was not more often a source of confusion and error than anything else.

Often the historian must consider the use of intuition or instinct by those individuals or nations which he is studying.

Easily the best known of these three novels is The Space Merchants, a good example of a science-fiction dystopia which extrapolates much more than the impact of science on human life, though its most important warning is in this area, namely as to the use to which discoveries in the behavioral sciences may be put.

The narrator is an Alsatian serving with the French Army, and he has the same name ( Berger ) that Malraux himself was later to use in the Resistance ; ;

And by a skillful and unobtrusive use of imagery ( the enclosure is called a `` Roman-camp stockade '', the hastily erected lean-to is a `` Babylonian hovel '', the men begin to look like `` Peruvian mummies '' and to acquire `` Gothic faces '' ), Malraux projects a fresco of human endurance -- which is also the endurance of the human -- stretching backward into the dark abyss of time.