Molecular sieves are often used for this purpose as well.

Molecular, genetic and biochemical level through organelles, cells, tissues, organs, individuals, plant populations, and communities of plants are all aspects of plant life that are studied.

Other fields where chemical degrees are useful include Astrochemistry ( and Cosmochemistry ), Atmospheric chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Chemo-informatics, Electrochemistry, Environmental science, Forensic science, Geochemistry, Green chemistry, History of chemistry, Materials science, Medical science, Molecular Biology, Molecular genetics, Nanotechnology, Nuclear chemistry, Oenology, Organometallic chemistry, Petrochemistry, Pharmacology, Photochemistry, Phytochemistry, Polymer chemistry, Supramolecular chemistry and Surface chemistry.

Molecular bond energies are on the order of one eV per molecule.

Molecular evidence indicates that the lineage of gibbons ( family Hylobatidae ) diverged from Great Apes some 18-12 million years ago, and that of orangutans ( subfamily Ponginae ) diverged from the other Great Apes at about 12 million years ; there are no fossils that clearly document the ancestry of gibbons, which may have originated in a so-far-unknown South East Asian hominoid population, but fossil proto-orangutans may be represented by Sivapithecus from India and Griphopithecus from Turkey, dated to around 10 million years ago.

Molecular orbitals are usually constructed by combining atomic orbitals or hybrid orbitals from each atom of the molecule, or other molecular orbitals from groups of atoms.

Molecular orbitals are obtained from the combination of atomic orbitals, which predict the location of an electron in an atom.

Molecular orbitals arise from allowed interactions between atomic orbitals, which are allowed if the symmetries ( determined from group theory ) of the atomic orbitals are compatible with each other.

Molecular orbitals are said to be degenerate if they have the same energy.

Similar ideas are advocated in the Foresight Guidelines on Molecular Nanotechnology, and a map of the 137-dimensional replicator design space recently published by Freitas and Merkle provides numerous proposed methods by which replicators could, in principle, be safely controlled by good design.

GMCs are so large that " local " ones can cover a significant fraction of a constellation ; thus they are often referred to by the name of that constellation, e. g. the Orion Molecular Cloud ( OMC ) or the Taurus Molecular Cloud ( TMC ).

Molecular clouds, and especially " giant " molecular clouds ( GMCs ), are often the home of astronomical masers.

Molecular phylogenetic studies have suggested that Perissodactyla and Cetartiodactyla are closest to Carnivora and Pholidota rather than to Pseudungulata.

Molecular analysis since 1992 has suggested that the hagfishes are most closely related to lampreys, and so also are vertebrates in a monophyletic sense.

Molecular analytical techniques developed in the late 20th century are being applied to questions of taxonomic classification.

Molecular techniques are also widely used in studies of avian population biology and ecology.

Molecular phylogeny studies, however, have shown that the mysterious mesozoans are polyphyletic.

Atomic models will consist of a single nucleus that may be surrounded by one or more bound electrons, whilst molecular models are typically concerned with Molecular Hydrogen and it's Molecular hydrogen ion.

Molecular diffusion, often called simply diffusion, is the thermal motion of all ( liquid or gas ) particles at temperatures above absolute zero.

Molecular hydrogen is difficult to detect by infrared and radio observations, so the molecule most often used to determine the presence of H < sub > 2 </ sub > is CO ( carbon monoxide ).

Molecular biophysicists often consider complex biological events as systems of interacting units which can be understood through statistical mechanics, thermodynamics and chemical kinetics.

** Molecular diffusivity ( often called " diffusion coefficient ")

Molecular hydrides often involve additional ligands such as, diisobutylaluminium hydride ( DIBAL ) consists of two aluminum centers bridged by hydride ligands.

It is treated by Arthroplasty, the replacement of the joint by a synthetic joint often made of a Stainless Steel alloy ( cobalt chromoly ) and Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene ( UHMWPE ).

Herzberg authored some classic works in the field of spectroscopy, including Atomic Spectra and Atomic Structure and the encyclopaedic four volume work: Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure, which is often called the spectroscopist's bible.

Molecular modeling software often provides graphical images of electron density.

Molecular genetic studies revealed, that the traditional classification, based on morphological and anatomical characters, often did not reflect the phylogenetical relationships.

The dimer of cyclopentadiene although this might not be readily apparent on initial inspection Molecular dimers are often formed by the reaction of two identical compounds e. g.: 2A → A-A.

NAMD ( Not ( just ) Another Molecular Dynamics program ) is a free-of-charge molecular dynamics simulation package written using the Charm ++ parallel programming model, noted for its parallel efficiency and often used to simulate large systems ( millions of atoms ).

* April 25-Francis Crick and James D. Watson of the University of Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory publish " Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid " in the British journal Nature ( first announced on February 28 at a Solvay Conference ), often ranked as one of the most dramatic results in biology during the 20th century because of the structural beauty and functional logic of the DNA double helix.

Molecular mechanics or molecular dynamics are most often used to predict the conformation of the small molecule and to model conformational changes in the biological target that may occur when the small molecule binds to it.

Molecular and physiological data linking this family to others is ambiguous and often contradictory, which means the taxonomy of this family is highly contentious.

Molecular phylogenetic investigation ( as well as supporting evidence from micromorphology and chemotaxonomy ) has since demonstrated that similar types of basidiomycete growth form are often examples of convergent evolution and do not always reflect a close relationship between different groups of fungi.

Molecular absorption is often referred to as ' telluric absorption ', as it is caused by the Earth (" telluric " is a synonym of " terrestrial ").

When it was opened in 1994, the LSRC was the largest single-site interdisciplinary research facility in the U. S .. Its classrooms are shared by several departments, but the majority of its offices and laboratories are utilized by the Nicholas School of the Environment, the Pratt School of Engineering, the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Developmental and the departments of Computer Science, Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and Cell and Molecular Biology.

During the next decade, confocal fluorescence microscopy was developed into a fully mature technology, in particular by groups working at the University of Amsterdam and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory ( EMBL ) in Heidelberg and their industry partners.

( Wind energy ), Power Technologies Inc. ( Schenectady, USA, energy industry software and training ), CTI Molecular Imaging ( Positron emission tomography and molecular imaging systems ), Myrio ( IPTV systems ), Shaw Power Technologoes International Ltd ( UK / USA, electrical engineering consulting, acquired from Shaw Group ), and Transmitton ( Ashby de la Zouch UK, rail and other industry control and asset management ).

Molecular Biotechnology have made very good impressions with the industry partners.

All were impressed by the new DNA model, especially Brenner who subsequently worked with Crick at Cambridge in the Cavendish Laboratory and the new Laboratory of Molecular Biology.

All were impressed by the new DNA model, especially Brenner who subsequently worked with Crick at Cambridge in the Cavendish Laboratory and the new Laboratory of Molecular Biology.

* Center for Responsible Nanotechnology ( see especially " Molecular Manufacturing Concepts ")

All were impressed by the new DNA model, especially Brenner who subsequently worked with Crick at Cambridge in the Cavendish Laboratory and the new Laboratory of Molecular Biology.

Molecular set theory was introduced by Anthony Bartholomay, and its applications were developed in mathematical biology and especially in Mathematical Medicine.

* Joint Committee on Atomic and Molecular Physical Data ( another well-known standard, especially for spectroscopic data )

Rawlings began initiatives in certain areas of science and engineering that he considered especially important to the future ( such as bioinformatics, computational biology, computer and information sciences, genomics, and materials science ), and began plans for Weill Hall, a large new life sciences building which houses the Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology.