In 2004, the Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Ecology ( LMSE ) was formed as a shared, multi-user facility to improve access to and provide training for the use of molecular data in systematic and ecological research.

Molecular studies, however, have shown that the Cetacea descend from the Artiodactyl ancestors, although the precise phylogeny within the order remains uncertain.

Molecular phylogenetic studies have suggested that Perissodactyla and Cetartiodactyla are closest to Carnivora and Pholidota rather than to Pseudungulata.

* Molecular Biology studies the common genetic and developmental mechanisms of animals and plants

Molecular techniques are also widely used in studies of avian population biology and ecology.

Molecular phylogeny studies, however, have shown that the mysterious mesozoans are polyphyletic.

Molecular studies have been made on dugong populations using mitochondrial DNA.

Molecular studies of these viruses can now be achieved using genetic approaches to mutate the BAC while it resides in bacteria.

Molecular studies such as DNA-DNA hybridization ( Sibley & Ahlquist, 1990 ) and sequence analyses fail to resolve the relationships of grebes properly due to insufficient resolution in the former and long-branch attraction in the latter.

In 2005 and 2007 studies, a geneticist with the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation showed " with 99. 9 percent accuracy " that five of these individuals were in fact not Smith descendants: Mosiah Hancock ( son of Clarissa Reed Hancock ), Oliver Buell ( son of Prescindia Huntington Buell ), Moroni Llewellyn Pratt ( son of Mary Ann Frost Pratt ), Zebulon Jacobs ( son of Zina Diantha Huntington Jacobs Smith ), and Orrison Smith ( son of Fanny Alger ).

Molecular studies are contributing to the fields of clinical research, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, and prevention of disease.

Molecular studies have found the Hamerkop to be the closest relative of the Shoebill.

Molecular studies seem to confirm that the Kagu and Sunbittern are each other's closest living relatives.

Molecular studies of the pipits suggest that the genus arose in East Asia around seven million years ago ( mya ), during the Miocene, and that the genus had spread to the Americas, Africa and Europe between 5 and 6 mya.

Molecular studies suggest that this order is the sister to Plecoptera or to Ephemeroptera.

Molecular genetic studies revealed, that the traditional classification, based on morphological and anatomical characters, often did not reflect the phylogenetical relationships.

Molecular studies by several groups of authors, as of 2008, have confirmed that the baccate ( fleshy ) fruits evolved twice from capsular fruits, and as such the two subfamily classification does not accurately portray the phylogenetic (= evolutionary ) history of the family.

Molecular studies find support for few close relatives, and they are treated as a family at present, although it has been suggested that they form a clade with two enigmatic species in the genus Modulatrix.

Molecular genetics is the field of biology and genetics that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level.

Molecular studies on the genus Eumeces Wiegmann, 1834: phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic implications.

Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown this circumscription of Liliaceae is not monophyletic.

Molecular phylogenetic studies confirmed the suspicions of many that this group was misplaced, and consequently, the family Themidaceae was resurrected in 1996.

Molecular studies have indicated that the eastern and western Atlantic populations have been genetically distinct for at least one million years, and could potentially be considered as separate subspecies.

Molecular phylogenetic studies, however, have demonstrated conclusively that Glaucidium belongs in Ranunculaceae, but that Paeonia belongs in the unrelated order Saxifragales.

* Cheminformatics studies from Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics to OpenEye

Molecular evidence suggests that the Phycodnaviridae may have evolved from the family Iridoviridae.

Molecular evidence indicates that the lineage of gibbons ( family Hylobatidae ) diverged from Great Apes some 18-12 million years ago, and that of orangutans ( subfamily Ponginae ) diverged from the other Great Apes at about 12 million years ; there are no fossils that clearly document the ancestry of gibbons, which may have originated in a so-far-unknown South East Asian hominoid population, but fossil proto-orangutans may be represented by Sivapithecus from India and Griphopithecus from Turkey, dated to around 10 million years ago.

Molecular orbitals are said to be degenerate if they have the same energy.

of Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology ( India ) concluded that the " lower caste groups might have originated with the hierarchical divisions that arose within the tribal groups with the spread of Neolithic agriculturalists, much earlier than the arrival of Aryan speakers ", and " the Indo-Europeans established themselves as upper castes among this already developed caste-like class structure within the tribes.

These have included: Hugh Pelham, Director of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology ; Daniel St. Johnston, Chairman of the Gurdon Institute ; Jim Smith, Director of the MRC National Institute for Medical Research ; Richard Treisman, Director of CRUK London Research Institute and Peter Lachmann, Founding President of The Academy of Medical Sciences.

At Cambridge he founded and chaired ( 1962 – 79 ) The Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, fourteen of whose scientists have won Nobel Prizes.

Molecular excitons typically have characteristic lifetimes on the order of nanoseconds, after which the ground electronic state is restored and the molecule undergoes photon or phonon emission.

Molecular excitons have several interesting properties, one of which is energy transfer ( see Förster resonance energy transfer ) whereby if a molecular exciton has proper energetic matching to a second molecule's spectral absorbance, then an exciton may transfer ( hop ) from one molecule to another.

Molecular clocks have been used to suggest an origin in the Pacific in the Paleocene.

Molecular data have backed up classifications based on geography and chromosome number, but following morphological data, such as the structure of the leaves and stems, do not appear to produce a phylogenetic classification.

Molecular evidence shows that some limited number of Hox genes have existed in the Cnidaria since before the earliest true Bilatera, making these genes pre-Paleozoic.

") Molecular phylogenetics have clarified the relatedness of some associated genera, and at least nine genera that were previously included in Cornaceae have been eliminated from the order Cornales entirely, but the circumscription of Cornaceae is still unclear.

Molecular genetics study suggests that surviving Amerindian populations derived from a theoretical single founding population, possibly from only 50 to 70 genetic contributors Preliminary research, restricted to only 9 genomic regions ( or loci ) have shown a genetic link between original Americas and Asia populations.

The admiral at the head of the Lusitania fleet disobeys their order and does what he believes Ender Wiggin, the first Xenocide, would have done, and fires the Molecular Disruption Device ( MDD ).

Molecular evidence, that is, a specific pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile, suggests that the distinct genotype of El Tor strain which appeared in Calcutta in 1993, may have spread to the African subcontinent.

Molecular phylogenies of extant gymnosperms have conflicted with morphological characters with regard to whether the gymnosperms as a whole ( including gnetophytes ) comprise a monophyletic group or a paraphyletic one that gave rise to angiosperms.

Molecular trees have had some difficulty resolving relationships between the different groups.

Molecular clock users have developed workaround solutions using a number of statistical approaches including maximum likelihood techniques and later Bayesian modeling.