Philosophers within the camp of the Hegelian right include:

Philosophers argue this evades the issue.

Philosophers offer definitions and explanations in solution to problems ; they argue for those solutions ; and then other philosophers provide counter arguments, expecting to eventually come up with better solutions.

Some Philosophers, such as René Descartes, argue that God is absolutely omnipotent.

Philosophers like Russell Blackford even argue that intolerance is, to some degree, important.

Philosophers such as John Lucas argue that " The Block universe gives a deeply inadequate view of time.

Philosophers analyzing the allegory argue that the prisoners would ironically find the freed man stupid due to the current state of his eyes and temporarily not being able to see the shadows which are the world to the prisoners.

Philosophers of science argue over the epistemological limits of such a consensus and some, including Thomas Kuhn, have pointed to the existence of scientific revolutions in the history of science as being an important indication that scientific consensus can, at times, be wrong.

Philosophers who argue against eliminativism may take several approaches.

Philosophers of biology argue about whether biological species, like the Bald Eagle ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus ), are natural kinds ; even such familiar species as bird, cat, and dog cannot be established as natural types, since any plausible definitions of those species leaves the classification of some animals ambiguous.

Most of the biographical information we have of Theophrastus was provided by Diogenes Laërtius ' Lives of the Philosophers, written more than four hundred years after Theophrastus ' time.

Philosophers often link concept of optimism with the name of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who held that we live in the best of all possible worlds, or that God created a physical universe that applies the laws of physics, which Voltaire famously mocked in his satirical novel Candide.

Philosophers in this school would insist that we cannot assume that ( for example ) ' Truth ' ' is ' a ' thing ' ( in the same sense that tables and chairs are ' things '), which the word ' truth ' represents.

" The only thing whose existence we deny is that which Philosophers call Matter or corporeal substance.

: The Quest of the Holy Grail, the Search for the Stone of the Philosophers — by whatever name we choose to call the Great Work — is therefore endless.

Bickerstaff counter-argues Partridge's letter of proclamation disputing, “ They were sure no man alive ever to writ such damned stuff as this .” He goes on to sarcastically reason that “ death is defined by all Philosophers a separation of the soul and body.

*" Why I have no future " ( 2009 ) The Philosophers ' Magazine, Issue 38

Philosophers usually divide the period less finely, jumping from medieval to early modern philosophy, on the assumption that no radical shifts in perspective took place in the centuries immediately before Descartes.

Philosophers and social psychologists have noted that pride is a complex secondary emotion which requires the development of a sense of self and the mastery of relevant conceptual distinctions ( e. g., that pride is distinct from happiness and joy ) through language-based interaction with others.

Philosophers ( and other users of logic ) spend a lot of time and effort searching for and removing ( or intentionally adding ) ambiguity in arguments, because it can lead to incorrect conclusions and can be used to deliberately conceal bad arguments.

* Føllesdal, Dagfinn, 1972, " An Introduction to Phenomenology for Analytic Philosophers " in Olson, R. E., and Paul, A. M., eds., Contemporary Philosophy in Scandinavia.

Philosophers have developed two rival theories for how this happens, called endurantism and perdurantism.

* Concerned Philosophers for Peace

Philosophers in ancient societies were interested in how humans acquired the ability to understand and produce language well before empirical methods for testing those theories were developed, but for the most part they seemed to regard language acquisition as a subset of man's ability to acquire knowledge and learn concepts.

Philosophers such as Condorcet, who drafted the French revolutionary chart for a people's education under the rule of reason, dismissed rhetoric as an instrument of oppression in the hands of clerics in particular.

Philosophers and politicians advocating for republics, such as Machiavelli, Montesquieu, Adams, and Madison, relied heavily on these sources.

Philosophers also vary in the question of whether language is basically a tool for representing and referring to objects in the world, or whether it is a system used to construct mental representations of the world that can be shared and circulated between people.

Philosophers across many traditions, from Stoicism to Buddhism, have suggested that a spiritual practice is essential for personal well being.

* Intellectual Biography of Nikolai Trubetzkoy at the Gallery of Russian Thinkers ( International Society for Philosophers )

Philosophers know all too well, from dealing with for example the problem of substance and the problem of universals, that general " What is " questions ( ti esti questions ) give an overly simple appearance to what is in fact a very complex affair.

Philosophers welcome this, because every ontological primitive demands a special explanation for its existence.

Idle is an accomplished songwriter, having composed and performed many of the Pythons ' most famous comic pieces, including " Eric the Half-a-Bee ", " The Philosophers ' Song ", " Galaxy Song ", " Penis Song ( Not the Noel Coward Song )" and, probably his most recognised hit, " Always Look on the Bright Side of Life ", which was written for the closing scene of the Monty Python film Life of Brian, and sung from the crosses during the mass crucifixion.

Nothing is known about his life, but his surviving Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers is one of the principal surviving sources for the history of Greek philosophy.

: Philosophers, incidentally, say a great deal about what is absolutely necessary for science, and it is always, so far as one can see, rather naive, and probably wrong

A book by designer Leonard Koren ( b. 1948 ), Wabi-Sabi for Artists, Designers, Poets & Philosophers, published in 1994, offered an original interpretation of the conjoined " wabi-sabi " concept as a separate aesthetic paradigm contrasting with prevailing Western ideas of beauty.

Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) is most famous for his commentaries on Aristotle's works and for writing The Incoherence of the Incoherence in which he defended the falasifa against al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers.

Philosophers and scientists such as Victor Reppert, William Hasker and Alvin Plantinga have developed an argument for dualism dubbed the " Argument from Reason " and credit C. S.

According to Diogenes Laertius, Solon “ diminished the honours paid to Athletes who were victorious in the games, fixing the prize for a victor at Olympia at five hundred drachmae, and for one who conquered at the Isthmian games at one hundred ” ( Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Philosophers 1. 55: Solon ; Greek ).

Philosophers, following Joel Feinberg's influential book Harm to Self ( 1986 ), usually use " soft paternalism " for paternalism towards a person whose action or choice is insufficiently voluntary to be genuinely hers.

Philosophers and scientists who follow the Bayesian framework for inference use the mathematical rules of probability to find this best explanation.

His most important original philosophical work was The Incoherence of the Incoherence ( Tahafut al-tahafut ), in which he defended Aristotelian philosophy against al-Ghazali's claims in The Incoherence of the Philosophers ( Tahafut al-falasifa ).

His most important original philosophical work was The Incoherence of the Incoherence ( Tahafut al-tahafut ), in which he defended Aristotelian philosophy against al-Ghazali's claims in The Incoherence of the Philosophers ( Tahafut al-falasifa ).

It can be argued that the attacks directed against the philosophers by Ghazali in his work, " Tahafut al-Falasifa " ( The Incoherence of the Philosophers ), not only produced, by reaction, a current favorable to philosophy, but induced the philosophers themselves to profit by his criticism.

It can be argued that the attacks directed against the philosophers by Al-Ghazali in his work, Tahafut al-Falasifa ( The Incoherence of the Philosophers ), not only produced, by reaction, a current favorable to philosophy, but induced the philosophers themselves to profit by his criticism.

This idealist understanding of philosophy as interpretation was famously challenged by Karl Marx's 11th thesis on Feuerbach ( 1845 ): " Philosophers have hitherto only interpreted the world in various ways ; the point, however, is to change it.

For example, Arthur Schopenhauer, generally held to be one of the Continental Philosophers, wrote of Hegel's philosophy as “ a pseudo-philosophy paralyzing all mental powers, stifling all real thinking ”.

The " Theses " identify political action as the only truth of philosophy, famously concluding: " Philosophers have hitherto only interpreted the world in various ways ; the point is to change it " (" Die Philosophen haben die Welt nur verschieden interpretiert ; es kommt aber darauf an, sie zu verändern ").

Philosophers working in the intersection of Thomism and analytic philosophy include: David Braine, Brian Davies OP ( Fordham ), Gabriele De Anna ( Udine ), John Finnis ( Oxford ), Peter Geach, John Haldane ( St Andrews ), Jonathan Jacobs ( Colgate ), Anthony Kenny ( Oxford ), Fergus Kerr OP ( Oxford ), Gyula Klima ( Fordham ), Norman Kretzmann, John Lamont, Anthony J. Lisska ( Denison ), Alasdair MacIntyre ( Notre Dame ), Bruce D. Marshall ( Southern Methodist Univ ), William Marshner ( Christendom ), Christopher Martin ( St Thomas, Houston ), Cyrille Michon ( Nantes, France ), Mark Murphy ( Georgetown ), Herbert McCabe, John P. O ' Callaghan ( Notre Dame ), Claude Panaccio ( UQAM ), Robert Pasnau ( CU Boulder ), Craig Paterson ( Independent Scholar ), Roger Pouivet ( Nancy, France ) Matthew S. Pugh ( Providence College ), Eleonore Stump ( Saint Louis ), Thomas Sullivan and Sandra Menssen ( University of St. Thomas, MN ), Stephen Theron, Denys Turner ( Yale ), Michael Thompson ( Pittsburgh ).

* The Philosophers ' Magazine, an independent quarterly magazine about philosophy

A particular way of doing philosophy with children is illustrated by the work of Chris Phillips with the Philosophers Club at Cesar Chavez Elementary School in the Mission District, San Francisco, California.

There is also the lumpers / splitters problem, namely that some works split philosophy into more periods than others: one author might feel a strong need to differentiate between " The Age of Reason " or " Early Modern Philosophers " and " The Enlightenment "; another author might write from the perspective that 1600-1800 is essentially one continuous evolution, and therefore a single period.

Philosophers who were atheists and atheists who were philosophers ( see atheism and philosophy ).

In fact, the attacks directed against the philosophers by Gazzali in his work, " TuḦfat al-Falasafa " ( The Destruction of the Philosophers ), not only produced, by reaction, a current favorable to philosophy, but induced the philosophers themselves to profit by his criticism, they thereafter making their theories clearer and their logic closer.

Philosophers have found words objects of fascination since at least the 5th century BC, with the foundation of the philosophy of language.

The Incoherence of the Philosophers ( تهافت الفلاسفة Tahāfut al-Falāsifaʰ in Arabic ) is the title of a landmark 11th century polemic by the Sufi sympathetic Imam Al-Ghazali ( Algazel ) of the Asharite school of Islamic theology criticizing the Avicennian school of early Islamic philosophy.

Philosophers in the philosophy of mind.

: Philosophers of language are those who study philosophy of language