He flourished about 280 BC, in the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

King Ptolemy II Philadelphus ( 309 – 246 BC ) is said to have set 500, 000 scrolls as an objective for the library.

He distributed kingdoms between his children: Alexander Helios was named king of Armenia, Media and Parthia ( which were never conquered by Rome ), his twin Selene got Cyrenaica and Libya, and the young Ptolemy Philadelphus was awarded Syria and Cilicia.

#* Ptolemy Philadelphus.

Prince Ptolemy Philadelphus of Egypt, 36 BC – 29 BC, died without issue ( presumably )

These titles refer to a legendary story, according to which seventy or seventy-two Jewish scholars were asked by the Greek King of Egypt Ptolemy II Philadelphus to translate the Torah from Biblical Hebrew into Greek, for inclusion in the Library of Alexandria.

His son and successor, Antiochus I Soter, was left with an enormous realm consisting of nearly all of the Asian portions of the Empire, but faced with Antigonus II Gonatas in Macedonia and Ptolemy II Philadelphus in Egypt, he proved unable to pick up where his father had left off in conquering the European portions of Alexander's empire.

Later Ptolemy II Philadelphus, the ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt and contemporary of Ashoka the Great, is also recorded by Pliny the Elder as having sent an ambassador named Dionysius to the Mauryan court.

An inscription on a pillar at Pithom records that in 270 or 269 BC it was again reopened, by Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

* Ptolemy II Philadelphus

The Roman Senate, along with Attalus II Philadelphus of Pergamum and Ptolemy VI Philometor of Egypt, support Alexander Balas and he becomes the ruler of the Seleucid Empire.

His youngest son Ptolemy Philadelphus received the Egyptian possessions in Phoenicia, Syria and Cilicia.

* Ptolemy Philadelphus, son of Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Mark Antony ( d. 29 BC )

* The children of Cleopatra are spared by Octavian and taken back in triumph ; Octavia Minor raised Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene and Ptolemy Philadelphus in her household in Rome.

With Antony, she bore the twins Cleopatra Selene II and Alexander Helios, and another son, Ptolemy Philadelphus.

He and Cleopatra had another child, Ptolemy Philadelphus.

At the Donations of Alexandria in late 34 BC, following Antony's conquest of Armenia, Cleopatra and Caesarion were crowned co-rulers of Egypt and Cyprus ; Alexander Helios was crowned ruler of Armenia, Media, and Parthia ; Cleopatra Selene II was crowned ruler of Cyrenaica and Libya ; and Ptolemy Philadelphus was crowned ruler of Phoenicia, Syria, and Cilicia.

Euergetes (" Benefactor ") was the eldest son of Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his first wife, Arsinoe I, and came to power in 246 BC upon the death of his father.

* The Seleucid king Demetrius I Soter's relations with Attalus II Philadelphus of Pergamum and Ptolemy VI Philometor of Egypt deteriorate to the point where they support a rival claimant to the Syrian throne, Alexander Balas, who claims to be the son of the former Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes and, therefore, a first cousin of Demetrius.

* Ptolemy II Philadelphus, king of Egypt from 285 BC, second king of the Ptolemaic dynasty, who has extended his power by skilful diplomacy, developed agriculture and commerce, and made Alexandria a leading centre of the arts and sciences ( b. 308 BC )

* Berenice, daughter of Ptolemy II Philadelphus and Arsinoe, wife of the Seleucid ruler Antiochus II Theos, supplanting his first wife, Laodice, whose children she has persuaded him to bar from the succession to the throne in favour of her own

* Arsinoe II, queen to Lysimachus, the king of Thrace, and later wife of her brother, King Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt ( b. c. 316 BC )

When Octavian conquered Egypt, he spared Alexander, but took him, his sister and his brother Ptolemy Philadelphus from Egypt to Rome.

It is unclear whether Ptolemy Philadelphus survived the journey to Rome, as Cassius Dio History of Rome only mentions the twins.

The only further mention of Alexander Helios and Ptolemy Philadelphus comes from Cassius Dio, who states that when their sister Cleopatra Selene II married King Juba II, Octavian ( then named Augustus ) spared the lives of Alexander Helios and Ptolemy Philadelphus as a favor to the couple.

The Ptolemaic dynasty, (, sometimes also known as the Lagids or Lagides,, from the name of Ptolemy I's father, Lagus ) was a Macedonian Greek royal family which ruled the Ptolemaic Empire in Egypt during the Hellenistic period.

The Hellenistic astronomers Hipparchus ( c. 150 BC ) and Ptolemy ( c. AD 150 ) subdivided the day sexagesimally and also used a mean hour, simple fractions of an hour (,, etc.

He further connected this toxrï with the ethnonym Tócharoi (, Ptolemy VI, 11, 6, 2nd cent.

Ptolemy III Euergetes, (, Ptolemaĩos Euergétēs, reigned 246 BC – 222 BC ) was the third ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt.

Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar (, Ptolemaios IEʹ Philopatōr Philomētōr Kaisar ; ; June 23, 47 BC – August 23, 30 BC ), better known by the nicknames Caesarion (;, Kaisariōn, literally " little Caesar "; ) and Ptolemy Caesar (;, Ptolemaios Kaisar ; ), was the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, who reigned jointly with his mother Cleopatra VII of Egypt, from September 2, 47 BC.

Ptolemy I Soter I (, Ptolemaĩos Sōtḗr, i. e. Ptolemy ( pronounced ) the Savior ), also known as Ptolemy Lagides, c. 367 BC – c. 283 BC, was a Macedonian general under Alexander the Great, who became ruler of Egypt ( 323 BC – 283 BC ) and founder of both the Ptolemaic Kingdom and the Ptolemaic Dynasty.

Ptolemy V Epiphanes (, Ptolemaĩos Epiphanḗs, reigned 204 – 181 BC ), son of Ptolemy IV Philopator and Arsinoe III of Egypt, was the fifth ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (, Ptolemaĩos Néos Philopátōr ) was an Egyptian king of the Ptolemaic period.

Being called Buto by the Greeks during Ptolemaic Egypt, a Greek dynasty ruling from 305 to 30 BC, it was the capital town, or according to Herodian, merely the principal village of the Nile Delta, which Herodotus ( l. c .) calls the Chemmite nome ; Ptolemy, the Phthenothite nome (, iv.

Müller called the languages " Tocharian " ( German Tocharisch ), linking this toxrï with the ethnonym Tókharoi (, Ptolemy VI, 11, 6, 2nd cent.

Calisia (, ) was a " station " on so-called " Amber Road ", mentioned by Ptolemy, formerly universally identified with Kalisz in Poland.

Ptolemy Neos Dionysos Theos Philopator Theos Philadelphos ( 117 – 51 BC ;, spoken Ptolemaios Néos Diónusos Theós Philopátōr Theós Philádelphos ≈ New Dionysus, God Beloved of his Father, God Beloved of his Brother ), more commonly known as " Auletes " (, Aulētḗs = the Flutist ) or " Nothos " (, Nóthos = the Bastard ), was an Egyptian king of Macedonian descent.

Ptolemy Apion or simply known as Apion (, between 150 BC & 145 BC-96 BC ) was the last Greek Cyrenaean King and was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

Ptolemy XIV (, Ptolemaĩos, who lived 60 BC / 59 BC – 44 BC and reigned 47 BC – 44 BC ), was a son of Ptolemy XII of Egypt and one of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt.

Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (, Ptolemaĩos Euergétēs ) ( c. 182 BC – June 26, 116 BC ), nicknamed, Phúskōn, Physcon (" Sausage ", " Potbelly " or " Bladder ") for his obesity, was a king of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt.

Ptolemy IX Soter II or Lathyros (" grass pea ") (, Ptolemaĩos Sōtḗr Láthuros ) was king of Egypt three times, from 116 BC to 110 BC, 109 BC to 107 BC and 88 BC to 81 BC, with intervening periods ruled by his brother, Ptolemy X Alexander.