* Cleopatra Selene I ( c. 135 – 130 BC ), daughter of Cleopatra III and Ptolemy VIII Physcon

* 182 BC – Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, king of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt ( d. 116 BC )

* Cleopatra Selene I, daughter of Ptolemy VIII Physcon and Cleopatra III of Egypt

* Scipio Aemilianus leads a group of Roman ambassadors to Alexandria, where they meet with Ptolemy VIII.

* Ptolemy VII becomes king of Egypt briefly, then is assassinated by Ptolemy VIII.

* Cleopatra II of Egypt and her brother Ptolemy VIII of Egypt reconcile.

* June 26 – At the death of Ptolemy VIII Physcon, Cleopatra III has chosen her younger son Ptolemy X Alexander as co-regent, but the Alexandrians forced her to bring Ptolemy IX from Cyprus, of which he is governor.

* June 26 – Ptolemy VIII of Egypt ( b. c. 182 BC )

* The Egyptian king Ptolemy VI Philometor defeats his brother, Ptolemy VIII Euergetes, after he attempts to seize Cyprus by force.

* Ptolemy VIII Euergetes, now king of Cyrenaica, convinces the Roman Senate to back his claim for control of Cyprus, but the Egyptian king Ptolemy VI Philometor ignores this threat, and after Ptolemy VIII Euergetes ' attempt to conquer the island fails, the Roman Senate disengages from the dispute.

However, the Romans intervene and decide to partition the Ptolemaic realm, ordering Ptolemy VIII Euergetes into Cyrenaica and giving Ptolemy VI Cyprus and Egypt.

* The Egyptian King Ptolemy VI Philometor is expelled from Alexandria by his brother Ptolemy VIII Euergetes and flees to Rome to seek support.

* The joint rulers of Egypt, Ptolemy VI, Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II and their sister Cleopatra II send a renewed request to Rome for aid.

The Decree of Canopus, which was issued by the pharaoh Ptolemy III, Euergetes of Ancient Egypt in 239 BC, decreed a solar leap day system ; an Egyptian leap year was not adopted until 25 BC, when the Roman Emperor Augustus successfully instituted a reformed Alexandrian calendar.

By decree of Ptolemy III Euergetes, all visitors to the city were required to surrender all books and scrolls, as well as any form of written media in any language in their possession which, according to Galen, were listed under the heading " books of the ships ".

** Ptolemy III Euergetes I ( 246 BC – 222 BC ) and his wife Berenice II

** Berenice II, queen of Egypt, daughter of Magas, King of Cyrenaica ( in modern Libya ), whose marriage to Ptolemy III Euergetes has reunited her country with Egypt ( b. c. 267 BC )

* Berenice II, queen of Egypt, daughter of Magas, King of Cyrenaica ( in modern Libya ), whose marriage to Ptolemy III Euergetes has reunited her country with Egypt ( b. c. 267 BC )

Ptolemy III Euergetes, (, Ptolemaĩos Euergétēs, reigned 246 BC – 222 BC ) was the third ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt.

Euergetes (" Benefactor ") was the eldest son of Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his first wife, Arsinoe I, and came to power in 246 BC upon the death of his father.

Ptolemy III Euergetes was responsible for the first known example of a series of decrees published as bilingual inscriptions on massive stone blocks in three writing systems.

* With Antiochus IV now absent from the country, the citizens of Alexandria choose Ptolemy VI's brother Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II as their king.

He married his paternal half-sister Olympias II of Epirus, by whom he had two sons, Pyrrhus II of Epirus, Ptolemy of Epirus and a daughter, Phthia of Macedon.

He flourished about 280 BC, in the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

* 1149 – Pope Eugene III takes refuge in the castle of Ptolemy II of Tusculum.

* Cleopatra Thea ( c. 164 – 121 BC ), daughter of Cleopatra II and Ptolemy VI Philometor

Isca Dumnoniorum originated with a settlement that developed around the Roman fortress of the Legio II Augusta and is one of the four poleis ( cities ) attributed to the tribe by Ptolemy.

It dates to the reign of Ptolemy II ( 285 – 246 BC ), and is therefore likely to have been built at about the same time as the Alexandria Pharos.

The library was conceived and opened either during the reign of Ptolemy I Soter ( 323 – 283 BC ) or during the reign of his son Ptolemy II ( 283 – 246 BC ).

King Ptolemy II Philadelphus ( 309 – 246 BC ) is said to have set 500, 000 scrolls as an objective for the library.

The library was conceived and opened either during the reign of Ptolemy I Soter ( 323 – 283 BC ) or during the reign of his son Ptolemy II ( 283 – 246 BC ).

The year is stated as the ninth year of Ptolemy V's reign ( equated with 197 / 196 BC ), and it is confirmed by naming four priests who officiated in that same year: Aëtus son of Aëtus was priest of the divine cults of Alexander the Great and the five Ptolemies down to Ptolemy V himself ; his three colleagues, named in turn in the inscription, led the worship of Berenice Euergetis ( wife of Ptolemy III ), Arsinoe Philadelpha ( wife and sister of Ptolemy II ) and Arsinoe Philopator, mother of Ptolemy V. However, a second date is also given in the Greek and hieroglyphic texts, corresponding to, the official anniversary of Ptolemy's coronation.

The traditional story is that Ptolemy II sponsored the translation for use by the many Alexandrian Jews who were fluent in Koine Greek ( the lingua franca of the Eastern Mediterranean from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE, until the development of Byzantine Greek around 600 CE ), but not in Hebrew.

These titles refer to a legendary story, according to which seventy or seventy-two Jewish scholars were asked by the Greek King of Egypt Ptolemy II Philadelphus to translate the Torah from Biblical Hebrew into Greek, for inclusion in the Library of Alexandria.

His son and successor, Antiochus I Soter, was left with an enormous realm consisting of nearly all of the Asian portions of the Empire, but faced with Antigonus II Gonatas in Macedonia and Ptolemy II Philadelphus in Egypt, he proved unable to pick up where his father had left off in conquering the European portions of Alexander's empire.

Later Ptolemy II Philadelphus, the ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt and contemporary of Ashoka the Great, is also recorded by Pliny the Elder as having sent an ambassador named Dionysius to the Mauryan court.

Antiochus I ( reigned 281 – 261 BC ) and his son and successor Antiochus II Theos ( reigned 261 – 246 BC ) were faced with challenges in the west, including repeated wars with Ptolemy II and a Celtic invasion of Asia Minor — distracting attention from holding the eastern portions of the Empire together.

Seleucus II was soon dramatically defeated in the Third Syrian War against Ptolemy III of Egypt and then had to fight a civil war against his own brother Antiochus Hierax.

The Ptolemaic dynasty, (, sometimes also known as the Lagids or Lagides,, from the name of Ptolemy I's father, Lagus ) was a Macedonian Greek royal family which ruled the Ptolemaic Empire in Egypt during the Hellenistic period.

The Hellenistic astronomers Hipparchus ( c. 150 BC ) and Ptolemy ( c. AD 150 ) subdivided the day sexagesimally and also used a mean hour, simple fractions of an hour (,, etc.

He further connected this toxrï with the ethnonym Tócharoi (, Ptolemy VI, 11, 6, 2nd cent.

Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar (, Ptolemaios IEʹ Philopatōr Philomētōr Kaisar ; ; June 23, 47 BC – August 23, 30 BC ), better known by the nicknames Caesarion (;, Kaisariōn, literally " little Caesar "; ) and Ptolemy Caesar (;, Ptolemaios Kaisar ; ), was the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, who reigned jointly with his mother Cleopatra VII of Egypt, from September 2, 47 BC.

Ptolemy Philadelphus (, " Ptolemy the brother-loving ", August / September 36 BC – 29 BC ) was a Ptolemaic prince and was the youngest and fourth child of Greek Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt, and her third with Roman Triumvir Mark Antony.

Ptolemy I Soter I (, Ptolemaĩos Sōtḗr, i. e. Ptolemy ( pronounced ) the Savior ), also known as Ptolemy Lagides, c. 367 BC – c. 283 BC, was a Macedonian general under Alexander the Great, who became ruler of Egypt ( 323 BC – 283 BC ) and founder of both the Ptolemaic Kingdom and the Ptolemaic Dynasty.

Ptolemy V Epiphanes (, Ptolemaĩos Epiphanḗs, reigned 204 – 181 BC ), son of Ptolemy IV Philopator and Arsinoe III of Egypt, was the fifth ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (, Ptolemaĩos Néos Philopátōr ) was an Egyptian king of the Ptolemaic period.

Being called Buto by the Greeks during Ptolemaic Egypt, a Greek dynasty ruling from 305 to 30 BC, it was the capital town, or according to Herodian, merely the principal village of the Nile Delta, which Herodotus ( l. c .) calls the Chemmite nome ; Ptolemy, the Phthenothite nome (, iv.

Müller called the languages " Tocharian " ( German Tocharisch ), linking this toxrï with the ethnonym Tókharoi (, Ptolemy VI, 11, 6, 2nd cent.

Calisia (, ) was a " station " on so-called " Amber Road ", mentioned by Ptolemy, formerly universally identified with Kalisz in Poland.

Ptolemy Neos Dionysos Theos Philopator Theos Philadelphos ( 117 – 51 BC ;, spoken Ptolemaios Néos Diónusos Theós Philopátōr Theós Philádelphos ≈ New Dionysus, God Beloved of his Father, God Beloved of his Brother ), more commonly known as " Auletes " (, Aulētḗs = the Flutist ) or " Nothos " (, Nóthos = the Bastard ), was an Egyptian king of Macedonian descent.

Ptolemy Apion or simply known as Apion (, between 150 BC & 145 BC-96 BC ) was the last Greek Cyrenaean King and was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

Ptolemy XIV (, Ptolemaĩos, who lived 60 BC / 59 BC – 44 BC and reigned 47 BC – 44 BC ), was a son of Ptolemy XII of Egypt and one of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt.

Ptolemy IX Soter II or Lathyros (" grass pea ") (, Ptolemaĩos Sōtḗr Láthuros ) was king of Egypt three times, from 116 BC to 110 BC, 109 BC to 107 BC and 88 BC to 81 BC, with intervening periods ruled by his brother, Ptolemy X Alexander.