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# Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA
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# and Random
** Anomalous dynamics ( Random walk # Anomalous diffusion ), the stochastic motion of objects with mean squared displacement ( MSD ) that deviates from the relation for normal dynamics, MSD ~ t, where t is the time the process is seen ; anomalous dynamics are either faster than normal dynamics ( MSD > t ) or slower ( MSD < t )
2006 Random Notes – Luc Ferrari 1929 – 2005 by David Cotner in SIGNAL TO NOISE Winter 2006 issue # 40 operations @ signaltonoisemagazine. com
** “ The Random Man ,” written by Alan Grant, art by Carlos Ezquerra, in 2000 AD # 657 – 659 ( 1989 )
Bertelsmann also owns Random House, a book publisher, # 1 in the English-speaking world and # 2 in Germany.
# Random chords, selection method 1 ; red = longer than triangle side, blue = shorter The " random endpoints " method: Choose two random points on the circumference of the circle and draw the chord joining them.
# Random chords, selection method 2 The " random radius " method: Choose a radius of the circle, choose a point on the radius and construct the chord through this point and perpendicular to the radius.
# Random chords, selection method 3 The " random midpoint " method: Choose a point anywhere within the circle and construct a chord with the chosen point as its midpoint.
* The Heirophant's Apprentice " The Fortean Times Random Dictionary of the Damned: No. 6: Airships & Scareships Part One: 1896-7 " in Fortean Times # 196, pages 46 – 49.
* The Heirophant's Apprentice " The Fortean Times Random Dictionary of the Damned: No. 7: Airships & Scareships Part Two: 1909-14 " in Fortean Times # 198, pages 48 – 50.
# and Amplification
# and Polymorphic
# Layer VI, the Polymorphic or Multiform layer, contains few large pyramidal neurons and many small spindle-like pyramidal and multiform neurons ; layer VI sends efferent fibers to the thalamus, establishing a very precise reciprocal interconnection between the cortex and the thalamus.
# and DNA
# The nuclear envelope becomes discontinuous and the DNA inside it is fragmented in a process referred to as karyorrhexis.
# DNA wraps around histone proteins forming nucleosomes ; the " beads on a string " structure ( euchromatin ).
# Higher-level DNA packaging of the 30 nm fibre into the metaphase chromosome ( during mitosis and meiosis ).
# Simple and concise definition: Chromatin is DNA plus the proteins ( and RNA ) that package DNA within the cell nucleus.
# A biochemists ’ operational definition: Chromatin is the DNA / protein / RNA complex extracted from eukaryotic lysed interphase nuclei.
# A poly-T oligonucleotide primer is hybridized onto the poly-A tail of the mature mRNA template, or random hexamer primers can be added which contain every possible 6 base single strand of DNA and can therefore hybridize anywhere on the RNA ( Reverse transcriptase requires this double-stranded segment as a primer to start its operation.
# To synthesize an additional DNA strand, you need to digest the RNA of the hybrid strand, using an enzyme like RNase H.
# After digestion of the RNA, a single stranded DNA ( ssDNA ) is left and because single stranded nucleic acids are hydrophobic, it tends to loop around itself.
# From the hairpin loop, a DNA polymerase can then use it as a primer to transcribe a complementary sequence for the ss cDNA.
# The DNA passes through a separate sugar transport protein ( ptsG ) in the inner membrane, and immediately circularises using the cos sites, 12-base G-C rich cohesive " sticky ends ".
# Host DNA gyrase puts negative supercoils in the circular chromosome, causing A-T rich regions to unwind and drive transcription.
# The host cell, containing a dormant phage genome, experiences DNA damage due to a high stress environment, and starts to undergo the SOS response.
# Normally RecA * binds LexA ( a transcription repressor ), activating LexA auto-protease activity, which destroys LexA repressor allowing production of DNA repair proteins.
# The phage genome is still inserted in the host genome and needs excision for DNA replication to occur.
# Complementary DNA then binds to the U5 ( non-coding region ) and R region ( a direct repeat found at both ends of the RNA molecule ) of the viral RNA
# The primer then ‘ jumps ’ to the 3 ’ end of the viral genome and the newly synthesised DNA strands hybridizes to the complementary R region on the RNA
# The first strand of complementary DNA ( cDNA ) is extended and the majority of viral RNA is degraded by RNAse H
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