Runoff elections were held in February 1993, and the leader of the Hery Velona movement, Albert Zafy, defeated Ratsiraka.

Runoff elections for Chamber of Deputies of Haiti were held on April 21.

Runoff voting is intended to reduce the potential for eliminating " wasted " votes by tactical voting.

Runoff voting is vulnerable to strategic nomination for the same reasons that it is open to the voting tactic of " compromising ".

Runoff voting is designed for single seat constituencies.

For example, the politics of Australia are largely two-party ( if the Liberal Party and National Party are considered the same party at a national level due to their long-standing alliance ) for the Australian House of Representatives, which is elected by Instant Runoff Voting, ( known within Australia as preferential voting ).

His inability to make headway against the de facto two-party system as an independent in that election would later lead him to become an advocate for Instant Runoff Voting, helping to found FairVote in 1992.

Runoff can leach through permeable soils to vulnerable aquifers that tap ground water sources for human consumption.

Runoff from these glaciers and those on the surrounding volcanoes is a source of fresh water for forty surrounding towns, and Colombian scientists and government officials are concerned about the towns ' water supply should the glaciers melt completely.

Other versions of Runoff were developed for various computer systems including Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP-11 minicomputer systems running RT-11, RSTS / E, RSX on Digital's PDP-10 and for OpenVMS on VAX minicomputers, as well as Sperry Unisys Univac 90 / 60 mainframe using the EDT text editor under the VS / 9 operating system.

Runoff of excess nutrients into waterways can also occur, which is harmful for the environment.

Twenty-three of the 28 functional constituencies use single-member district plurality to elect their members, one ( Labour ) applies the Block vote ( with three seats to be filled ), and four, dubbed special functional constituencies, use the preferential elimination system ( aka Instant Runoff Voting ).

Economic measures such as increased taxes on " the rich and corporations ", " strong regulation " of the financial industry, " regulation and public ownership of utilities ", and increased federal aid to cities and states ; opposition to the Iraq War and other military interventions ; opposition to free trade treaties such as the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ); nuclear disarmament and a reduced military budget ; various civil rights provisions ; campaign finance reform including public financing of campaigns ; and election law reform, including Instant Runoff Voting.

* Runoff ( program ), the type-setting program on the Multics operating system

Runoff, evaporation, and leakage are all highly dependent on the soil saturation at a given time.

Runoff from rainfall is in the form of flash floods which may last from several hours up to two or three days depending on the intensity of rainfall.

Instant Runoff Voting would elect the 2nd-worst choice, because the central candidates would be eliminated early.

Runoff voting involves two rounds of voting.

Runoff voting is also sometimes used as a generic term to describe any system involving a number of rounds of voting, with eliminations after each round.

Runoff voting is used to find the winner.

Variants of Instant Runoff voting can be designed to reflect the same rules as a two-round voting system.

Runoff voting can be influenced by strategic nomination ; this is where candidates and political factions influence the result of an election by either nominating extra candidates or withdrawing a candidate who would otherwise have stood.

Runoff voting encourages candidates to appeal to a broad cross-section of voters.

Runoff advocates counter that voters first preference is more important than lower preferences because that's where voters are putting the most effort of decision and that, unlike Condorcet methods, runoffs require a high showing among the full field of choices in addition to a strong showing in the final head-to-head competition.

Runoff from rainfall can lead to heating via conduction from the surface which the water is flowing over.

* Slow kinds: Runoff from sustained rainfall or rapid snow melt exceeding the capacity of a river's channel.

Runoff from agriculture and development, pollution from septic systems and sewers, and other human-related activities increase the flow of both inorganic nutrients and organic substances into ecosystems.

Runoff from the western slopes of these mountains provides water to the county's cities and agricultural areas.

Runoff containing wild cat faeces and litter from domestic cats flushed down toilets are possible sources of oocysts.

* Runoff system.

* Runoff system.

Runoff quickly flooded agricultural areas and much of this water made its way into several subdivisions in Edinburgh.

Nutrient Transport in Surface Runoff from a Subalpine Watershed, Lake Tahoe Basin, California.

Runoff of manure can also find its way into surface water such as lakes, streams, and ponds.

* Nationwide Urban Runoff Program ( U. S. research program )

Any free elections that were to be held in Poland would have to produce a government in which Moscow had complete confidence, and all pressure from the West for free voting by anti-Soviet elements in Poland would be met by restrictions on voting by these elements.

There followed a long and sometimes bitter discussion of the feasibility of elections for the fall of 1957, in which it appears that the Minister of the Interior took the most pessimistic view and that the Istiqlal was something less than enthusiastic.

Although the government was probably prepared for elections by mid-1958, the first decision was no doubt made more difficult as party strife multiplied.

The parties were on the whole unprepared for elections, while the people were still experiencing post-independence let-down and suffering the after-effects of poor harvests in 1957.

In the absence of a reservoir of political consensus each organized political group hopes that the elections will give them new prominence, but in a system where there is as yet no place for the less prominent.

Lacking the respected and effective institutions that consensus helps provide, minority parties, such as the P.D.I. in 1957 and the progressive Istiqlal faction in 1958, clamor for elections when out of power, but are not at all certain they wish to be controlled by popular choice when in power.

Although the elections were for local officials, it was not necessary to conduct the elections so as to prevent parties from publicly identifying their candidates.

The Chamber of Commerce elections were, of course, an important event in the preparation for rural commune elections.

A second major point of this essay is to examine the formal arrangements for the elections.

Although Rhode Islanders were preparing for the state elections, they watched John Brown's trial with extreme interest.

Marshall Formby of Plainview, former chairman of the Texas Highway Commission, suggested a plan to fill by appointment future vacancies in the Legislature and Congress, eliminating the need for costly special elections.

Lincoln spent the next 100 days preparing the army and the nation for emancipation, while Democrats rallied their voters in the 1862 offyear elections by warning of the threat freed slaves posed to northern whites.

Lincoln ’ s assessment of the political issue for the 1860 elections was that, " This question of Slavery was more important than any other ; indeed, so much more important has it become that no other national question can even get a hearing just at present.

" The Republicans gained majorities in both House and Senate for the first time since Democrats in the 1856 elections, they were to be seated in numbers which Lincoln might use to govern, a national parliamentary majority even before pro-slavery House and Senate seats vacated.

* 1963 – In Libya, amendments to the constitution transform Libya ( United Kingdom of Libya ) into one national unity ( Kingdom of Libya ) and allows for female participation in elections.

In the campaign for election to his fourth term in 1849, Johnson concentrated on three issues: slavery, homesteads and judicial elections.

The second provided amnesty for all insurgents except those holding property valued at $ 20, 000 or more ; it also appointed a provisional governor for North Carolina and authorized elections.

* 1993 – Sri Lankan politician Lalith Athulathmudali is assassinated while addressing a gathering, approximately 4 weeks ahead of the Provincial Council elections for the Western Province.

Approval voting is a single-winner voting system used for elections.

After two years of Democratic Party control, the Democrats lost control of Congress in the mid-term elections in 1994, for the first time in forty years.

After the Starr Report was submitted to the House providing what it termed " substantial and credible information that President Clinton Committed Acts that May Constitute Grounds for an Impeachment ", the House began impeachment hearings against Clinton before the mid-term elections.

The U. S. Agency for International Development ( USAID ) and Support for Eastern European Democracies ( SEED ) has played a large role in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina, including programs in economic development and reform, democratic reform ( media, elections ), infrastructure development, and training programs for Bosnian professionals, among others.